Zinc Signals in Cellular Functions and Disorders
Zinc Signals in Cellular Functions and Disorders
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DOI：
10.1007/978-4-431-55114-0
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
T. Fukada;T. Kambe
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
T. Fukada;T. Kambe
五十多年前，阿南达·S·普拉萨德博士发现锌是人类生命所必需的微量元素。缺锌是首次发现的与锌失衡相关的异常，导致生长迟缓、免疫缺陷、性腺功能减退以及神经元和感觉功能障碍。人类疾病，包括癌症、糖尿病、骨质疏松症、皮炎、自身免疫和神经退行性疾病已被证明与锌状态异常有关。然而，锌的生物学作用的研究一直是具有挑战性的，因为锌化合物通常是无色的，而且与铁和铜等其他生物活性金属不同，锌作为二价阳离子的自然状态是稳定的。到目前为止，至少有四个问题提高了我们对锌在生理和疾病中的重要作用的认识。首先是生物信息学，它揭示了人类体内大约10%的蛋白质可能与锌结合。第二：使用动物模型和人类遗传学的遗传学方法，有助于证明锌在细胞、组织和整个身体中的生理作用。第三：体内外锌转运蛋白和金属硫蛋白的研究，为锌在细胞内和细胞间转运的重要性提供了各种信息，这就引出了第四个问题：锌确实像钙一样起着信号因子的作用，被称为锌信号。由于这是一个相当新的领域，我们有动力介绍锌信号转导的研究现状，并对这一领域的整体方案进行综述。本书综述了锌信号研究的最新信息，不仅描述了锌信号的本质，包括它的历史，锌转运体和金属硫蛋白的结构和功能的分子分析，锌信号的检测技术，而且锌信号在生理和疾病状态中的参与，如脑功能，免疫，炎症，骨骼形成，糖尿病和癌症。除了介绍锌信号研究的新见解，这本书的目的是解决该领域的许多未解决的问题。出于这个原因，我们努力提供教育环境，为学生、青年科学家和临床人员提供很好的介绍。这些背景也可以为研究锌的先驱和爱好者提供有价值的参考。为了将所有这些目标结合在一起，我们作为编辑邀请了这一领域的世界领导者的研究人员的贡献。IX
More than five decades ago, Dr. Ananda S. Prasad discovered zinc (Zn) as the essential trace element for human life. Zn deficiency was the first discovery in Zn imbalance-related abnormality that causes growth retardation, immunodeficiency, hypogonadism, and neuronal and sensory dysfunctions. Human diseases including cancer, diabetes, osteoporosis, dermatitis, and auto-immune and neurodegenerative diseases have been shown to be associated with abnormal Zn status. Investigations of the biological roles of Zn, however, had been challenging because Zn compounds are normally colorless, and the natural status of Zn is stable as a divalent cation, unlike other bioactive metals such as iron and copper. Until now, there have been at least four issues that advanced our knowledge about the significant roles of Zn in physiology and diseases. First: bioinformatics, which revealed that approximately 10% of all proteins in humans may bind with Zn. Second: genetic approaches using animal models and human genetics, which contributed to demonstrating the physiological roles of Zn in cells, tissues, and the whole body. Third: investigation of Zn transporters and metallothioneins in vitro and in vivo, which provided a variety of information on the importance of Zn transportation within and between cells, which led us to the fourth issue: Zn indeed acts as a signaling factor like calcium, called “Zn signaling”. Because this is a quite new field, we were motivated to introduce the current status of the study of Zn signaling and to review the whole scheme of this area to date. The present book overviews up-to-date information on the study of Zn signaling, describing not only the essence of Zn signaling including its history, the molecular analysis of the structures and functions of Zn transporters and metallothioneins, and detection techniques for Zn signals, but also the involvement of Zn signaling in physiology and disease status as in brain function, immunity, inflammation, skeletogenesis, diabetes, and cancer. Besides the introduction of new insights in the study of Zn signaling, this book aims to address the many unsolved problems in the field. For this reason, we made a great effort to furnish educational contexts that will provide great introductions for students, young scientists, and clinical personnel. These contexts can also be valuable references for the pioneers and aficionados among researchers involved with Zn. So that all these goals would mesh, we as editors invited contributions from investigators who are world leaders in this field. ix