DEFENSIVE CHEMICALS OF THE SPANISH DANCER NUDIBRANCH HEXABRANCHUS-SANGUINEUS AND ITS EGG RIBBONS - MACROLIDES DERIVED FROM A SPONGE DIET
DEFENSIVE CHEMICALS OF THE SPANISH DANCER NUDIBRANCH HEXABRANCHUS-SANGUINEUS AND ITS EGG RIBBONS - MACROLIDES DERIVED FROM A SPONGE DIET
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DOI：
10.1016/0022-0981(88)90225-0
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发表时间：
1988-01-01
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
FAULKNER, DJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
PAWLIK, JR;KERNAN, MR;FAULKNER, DJ
西班牙舞蹈家Hexabranchus sanguineus（Ruppell et Leuckart）是一种大型的色彩鲜艳的无壳海蛞蝓（腹足纲：后鳃纲），常见于印度太平洋珊瑚礁，从它吃的海绵（Halichondria sp.）中获得有效的化学防御。相应地，裸鳃亚目动物将防御性化合物传递给它的卵带，这些卵带同样显眼，而且在身体上没有防御能力。切片的背外套膜组织的裸鳃类被拒绝在实验室饲养试验中采用两种常见的同域性捕食者：印度太平洋珊瑚礁鱼，Thalassoma lunare（林奈），和一个珊瑚礁寄居蟹，Dardanus megibrat（赫布斯特）。从海绵、裸鳃亚目和裸鳃亚目卵块中分离出的防御代谢物是一组不寻常的含恶唑的大环内酯类，含量分别为干重的0.14- 0.38%、0.14- 0.62%和2.65%，并且是T的有效抑制剂。最低浓度为食物颗粒干重的0.01-0.02%。大环内酯类集中在裸鳃类的背侧地幔，这是最容易受到捕食攻击，并在联合消化腺/性腺，海绵消化和产卵的网站。海绵组织中最丰富的大环内酯不存在于裸鳃亚目动物或其卵块中，这表明这种化合物的化学修饰发生在消化后。在珊瑚礁的环境中占主导地位的视觉导向的捕食者，醒目的颜色图案和行为反应的六鳃可能已经出现了伴随的阐述饮食衍生的化学防御。
The Spanish dancer nudibranch Hexabranchus sanguineus (Ruppell et Leuckart), a large brightly colored shell-less sea slug (Gastropoda: Opisthobrnachia) common to Indo-pacific coral reefs, derives a potent chemical defense from a sponge that it eats (Halichondria sp.). In turn, the nudibranch passes defensive compounds to its egg ribbons, which are similarly conspicuous and physically defenseless. Slices of the dorsal mantle tissue of the nudibranch were rejected in laboratory feeding assays employing two common sympatric predators: an Indo-Pacific reef fish, Thalassoma lunare (Linnaeus), and a reef hermit crab, Dardanus megistos (Herbst). The defensive metabolites, a suit of unusual oxazole-containing macrolides, were isolated from the sponge, the nudibranch, and the nudibranch egg masses at 0.14-0.38, 0.14-0.62, and 2.65% of dry weight, respectively, and were effective inhibitors of feeding by T. lunare at minimum concentrations of 0.01-0.02% dry weight of food pellet. The macrolides were concentrated in the dorsal mantle of the nudibranch, which is most vulnerable to predatory attack, and in the combined digestive gland/gonad, site of both sponge digestion and egg production. The most abundant macrolide in the sponge tissue was not present in the nudibranch or its egg masses, suggesting that chemical modification of this compound takes place upon digestion. In a reef environment dominated by visually oriented predators, the striking color pattern and behavioral responses of Hexabranchus may have arisen with a concomitant elaboration of dietarily derived chemical defenses.