Some are More Equal Than Others: Definitions of Disability in Social Policy and Discrimination Law in Europe
Some are More Equal Than Others: Definitions of Disability in Social Policy and Discrimination Law in Europe
复制标题
有些人比其他人更平等：欧洲社会政策和歧视法中残疾的定义
作者：
D. Mabbett
本文探讨了反歧视政策与现有的针对残疾人的社会政策之间的关系。它提出了社会政策“领域”的概念，在不同的领域推进不同的平等维度。在每个领域内，残疾的定义是基于相关的比较，这些比较决定了谁应该被承认为政策的目的。使用来自欧洲跨国项目的材料给出了定义的例子。文中还列举了社会政策为残疾人提供服务的例子，但没有界定残疾类别。这些调查结果对反歧视政策的影响被引申出来，并确定了为“第四代”平等权的目的而界定残疾的问题。有人认为，平等政策可以建立在不歧视原则的基础上，这是有局限性的，更实质性的残疾人平等政策需要从社会政策中的辩论和经验中吸取教训。
This article explores the relationship between anti-discrimination policy and existing social policies directed towards disabled people. It proposes a conception of ‘spheres’ of social policy, in which different spheres advance different dimensions of equality. Within each sphere, definitions of disability are based on relevant comparisons which determine who should be recognised as disabled for the purposes of the policy. Examples of definitions are given using material from a cross-national European project. Examples are also given where social policies provide for disabled people without defining a disability category. The implications of these findings for anti-discrimination policy are drawn out, and problems in defining disability for the purposes of ‘fourth generation’ equality rights are identified. It is suggested that there are limitations to the extent that equality policy can be founded on non-discrimination principles, and that a more substantive equality policy for disabled people needs to learn from debates and experiences within social policy.