CVD Prevention Through Policy: a Review of Mass Media, Food/Menu Labeling, Taxation/Subsidies, Built Environment, School Procurement, Worksite Wellness, and Marketing Standards to Improve Diet.
CVD Prevention Through Policy: a Review of Mass Media, Food/Menu Labeling, Taxation/Subsidies, Built Environment, School Procurement, Worksite Wellness, and Marketing Standards to Improve Diet.
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DOI：
10.1007/s11886-015-0658-9
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发表时间：
2015-11
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Mozaffarian D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Afshin A;Penalvo J;Del Gobbo L;Kashaf M;Micha R;Morrish K;Pearson-Stuttard J;Rehm C;Shangguan S;Smith JD;Mozaffarian D
不良饮食是美国和全球心血管疾病的主要原因。循证政策对于改善饮食和人口健康至关重要。我们回顾了一系列政策杠杆改变饮食和饮食相关风险因素的有效性。我们确定了证据，以支持有针对性的大众媒体活动（特别是水果，蔬菜，盐），食品定价策略（补贴和税收，在较低收入水平上具有更强的影响），学校采购政策（增加健康或减少不健康的选择）和工作场所健康计划（特别是当综合和多成分时）的好处。对于食品和菜单标签（消费者或行业行为）以及当地建筑环境的变化（例如，超市、快餐店的可用性或可达性）。我们发现很少有经验证据评估营销限制，虽然广泛的原则和大量的资源投入营销建议效用。广泛实施和评价循证政策战略，并进一步研究证据混杂/有限的其他战略，是减少全世界与饮食有关的疾病的健康和经济负担及不平等的基本“人口医学”。
Poor diet is the leading cause of cardiovascular disease in the USA and globally. Evidence-based policies are crucial to improve diet and population health. We reviewed the effectiveness for a range of policy levers to alter diet and diet-related risk factors. We identified evidence to support benefits of focused mass media campaigns (especially for fruits, vegetables, salt), food pricing strategies (both subsidies and taxation, with stronger effects at lower income levels), school procurement policies (for increasing healthful or reducing unhealthful choices), and worksite wellness programs (especially when comprehensive and multicomponent). Evidence was inconclusive for food and menu labeling (for consumer or industry behavior) and changes in local built environment (e.g., availability or accessibility of supermarkets, fast food outlets). We found little empiric evidence evaluating marketing restrictions, although broad principles and large resources spent on marketing suggest utility. Widespread implementation and evaluation of evidence-based policy strategies, with further research on other strategies with mixed/limited evidence, are essential “population medicine” to reduce health and economic burdens and inequities of diet-related illness worldwide.