Cysteine post-translational modifications regulate protein interactions of caveolin-3

Cysteine post-translational modifications regulate protein interactions of caveolin-3
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半胱氨酸翻译后修饰调节 Caveolin-3 的蛋白质相互作用

DOI:
10.1101/2022.09.15.508083
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发表时间:
2022
期刊:
--
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Ashford F
Ashford F
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Ashford F

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小泡是表面膜的小瓶状内陷,被认为可以招募和共定位信号分子。独特的洞穴形状是由低聚结构蛋白洞穴蛋白实现的,其中有三个同种异构体存在。除了发现小窝蛋白‐3在肌肉中特异性表达外,还没有对小窝蛋白异构体之间的功能差异进行严格的研究。与小窝蛋白1和2相比,小窝蛋白3相对富含半胱氨酸,因此我们研究了它的半胱氨酸翻译后修饰。我们发现小窝蛋白‐3在6个半胱氨酸上棕榈酰化,并在氧化还原应激后变为谷胱甘肽化。我们将caveolin‐3棕榈酰化位点映射到其C端膜域的一组半胱氨酸上,将谷胱甘肽化位点映射到靠近caveolin‐3参与蛋白质相互作用区域的N端半胱氨酸上。谷胱甘肽化可消除小窝蛋白- 3与异三聚体G蛋白α亚基的相互作用。我们的研究结果表明,小窝蛋白3低聚物含有多达66个棕榈酸酯,而小窝蛋白1低聚物含有多达33个棕榈酸酯。因此,小窝蛋白3中额外的棕榈酰化位点为平滑肌和横纹肌中的小窝能够拥有独特的磷脂和蛋白质货物提供了机制基础。这些肌肉特异性小泡蛋白异构体的独特适应性对小泡组装和信号传导具有重要意义。
Caveolae are small flask‐shaped invaginations of the surface membrane which are proposed to recruit and co‐localize signaling molecules. The distinctive caveolar shape is achieved by the oligomeric structural protein caveolin, of which three isoforms exist. Aside from the finding that caveolin‐3 is specifically expressed in muscle, functional differences between the caveolin isoforms have not been rigorously investigated. Caveolin‐3 is relatively cysteine‐rich compared to caveolins 1 and 2, so we investigated its cysteine post‐translational modifications. We find that caveolin‐3 is palmitoylated at 6 cysteines and becomes glutathiolated following redox stress. We map the caveolin‐3 palmitoylation sites to a cluster of cysteines in its C terminal membrane domain, and the glutathiolation site to an N terminal cysteine close to the region of caveolin‐3 proposed to engage in protein interactions. Glutathiolation abolishes caveolin‐3 interaction with heterotrimeric G protein alpha subunits. Our results indicate that a caveolin‐3 oligomer contains up to 66 palmitates, compared to up to 33 for caveolin‐1. The additional palmitoylation sites in caveolin‐3 therefore provide a mechanistic basis by which caveolae in smooth and striated muscle can possess unique phospholipid and protein cargoes. These unique adaptations of the muscle‐specific caveolin isoform have important implications for caveolar assembly and signaling.
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