Bone volume in the distal calcaneus correlates with body size but not leap frequency in galagids
Bone volume in the distal calcaneus correlates with body size but not leap frequency in galagids
复制标题
跟骨远端的骨量与体型相关，但与巨蜥的跳跃频率无关
DOI：
10.1002/ajpa.24411
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发表时间：
2022
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Patel, Biren A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Lewton, Kristi L.;Cardenas, Emily‐Elizabeth;Cruz, Daniela;Morales, Jocelyn;Patel, Biren A.
目的：灵长类动物的跳跃表现随体型的不同而不同，由于力的产生与体重成反比关系，在体重较轻的个体中，跳跃表现将得到优化。在所有其他因素相同的情况下，挥动轻后肢比挥动重后肢消耗的能量更少。先前关于加拉鱼跟骨的研究假设跳跃的加拉鱼的骨量可能被最小化以减少整个后肢的质量。我们预测：(1)较轻的类群与较重的类群相比，跟骨体积相对较小；(2)高频跳跃类群与低频跳跃类群相比，跟骨体积相对较小。材料和方法研究了来自四属（Euoticus,Galago，Galagoides和dotolemur）的51个个体的骨量，体型和跳跃频率（高与低）之间的关系，这些个体参与跳跃运动的时间百分比不同。通过对跟骨的μCT扫描，我们量化了跟骨远端段的相对骨体积（BV/TV），并预测了其随体型和跳跃运动频率的变化。结果系统发育广义最小二乘（PGLS）回归模型显示，与跟骨远端BV/TV相关的因素为体型，而非跳跃频率。相对骨体积随着体型的增大而增大，这支持了我们的第一个假设。这些结果支持了先前的研究，证明了BV/TV和体型之间的正相关。除了一些例外，小的加拉吉鱼往往比大的加拉吉鱼有更少的BV/TV。跳跃频率与BV/TV无关；更大的分类和/或行为抽样可能提供更多的见解。
ObjectivesPrimate leap performance varies with body size, where performance will be optimized in lightweight individuals due to the inverse relationship between force generation and body mass. With all other factors equal, it is less energetically costly to swing a light hindlimb than a heavier hindlimb. Previous work on the calcaneus of galagids hypothesized that bone volume in leaping galagids may be minimized to decrease overall hindlimb mass. We predict that (1) lighter taxa will exhibit relatively less calcaneal bone volume than heavier taxa, and (2) taxa that are high‐frequency leapers will exhibit relatively less bone volume than lower frequency leapers.Materials and MethodsRelationships among bone volume, body size, and leap frequency (high vs. low) were examined in a sample of 51 individuals from four genera of galagids (Euoticus,Galago,Galagoides, andOtolemur) that differ in the percentage of time engaged in leaping locomotion. Using μCT scans of calcanei, we quantified relative bone volume (BV/TV) of the distal calcaneal segment and predicted that it would vary with body size and frequency of leaping locomotion.ResultsPhylogenetic generalized least squares (PGLS) regression models indicate that body size, but not leaping frequency, affects BV/TV in the distal calcaneus. Relative bone volume increases with body size, supporting our first hypothesis.DiscussionThese results support previous work demonstrating a positive correlation between BV/TV and body size. With some exceptions, small galagids tend to have less BV/TV than larger galagids. Leaping frequency does not relate to BV/TV in this sample; larger taxonomic and/or behavioral sampling may provide additional insights.