Enhanced recognition of defectors depends on their rarity
Enhanced recognition of defectors depends on their rarity
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cognition.2007.11.013
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发表时间：
2008-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Barclay, Pat
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Barclay, Pat
进化心理学家提出，人类拥有社会交换的认知机制，但可能过于关注“欺骗”，因为在互惠交换中避免剥削可以通过避免背叛者或吸引合作者来实现。过去的研究声称，通过发现对“作弊者”面孔的增强记忆来支持“作弊者检测模块”的存在，这些研究大多依赖于口头描述，如果作弊的程度无意中比合作的程度更严重，这些研究就容易产生偏见。考虑到不同人群中背叛者的流行程度不同，最有效的方法是记住什么类型的人是罕见的，而不是总是关注作弊者。在目前的实验中，参与者玩了一个计算机化的信任游戏，并看到了20%/80%，50%/50%或80%/20%比例的合作者和背叛者的面孔。与预测一致，叛逃者在罕见时记忆最好，而在常见时记忆最差，支持存在稍微更普遍的认知机制，而不是特定的作弊识别机制。(C)2007 Elsevier B. V.保留所有权利。
Evolutionary psychologists have proposed that humans possess cognitive mechanisms for social exchange, but have perhaps focused overmuch on "cheating", because avoiding exploitation in reciprocal exchange could be accomplished either by avoidance of defectors or by attraction to cooperators. Past studies that have claimed to support the existence of a "cheater-detection module" by finding enhanced memory for the faces of "cheaters" have mostly relied on verbal descriptions, and these are prone to bias if the degree of cheating is unintentionally more severe than the degree of cooperation. Given that populations differ in the prevalence of defectors, it is most effective to remember whatever type is rare rather than always focus on cheaters. In the present experiment, participants played a computerized trust game and saw faces of cooperators and defectors in 20%/80%, 50%/50%, or 80%/20% ratios. Consistent with predictions, defectors were remembered best when rare but worst when common, supporting the existence of slightly more general cognitive mechanisms rather than specific cheater-recognition mechanisms. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.