Iodinated Nanoscale Coordination Polymers as Potential Contrast Agents for Computed Tomography
Iodinated Nanoscale Coordination Polymers as Potential Contrast Agents for Computed Tomography
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DOI：
10.1002/anie.200904958
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发表时间：
2009-01-01
影响因子：
16.6
通讯作者：
Lin, Wenbin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
deKrafft, Kathryn E.;Xie, Zhigang;Lin, Wenbin
计算机断层扫描（CT）是一种强大的诊断工具，基于X射线衰减的标本，并能够提供三维（3D）图像具有良好的空间分辨率。[1]具有高X射线衰减的造影剂，通常是包含具有高Z数的元素（例如碘、钡和铋）的材料，通常用于CT成像中以在感兴趣的组织与其周围环境之间提供更好的对比度。[2]目前批准用于临床使用的唯一CT造影剂是碘化芳族分子和用于胃肠道成像的硫酸钡。使用小分子造影剂的CT成像受到其非特异性分布、快速肾清除以及从血管和淋巴管快速外渗的限制。[2]通常需要大剂量的小分子造影剂（数十克）来提供足够的造影剂，这有时会导致患者的不良反应。这些限制可以通过纳米颗粒造影剂来克服，纳米颗粒造影剂可以携带高有效载荷，并具有增加血液循环时间和赋予靶特异性的功能。[3]纳米颗粒不容易扩散到血管外空间或经历快速肾清除，因此允许足够的时间在疾病部位累积。这些优点可以允许更大的成像时间窗口和在较低剂量下增强的图像对比度。包括Bi2S3 [4]金[5]和碘化有机纳米颗粒[6]在内的几种纳米颗粒系统最近已被评估为下一代CT造影剂。然而，它是具有挑战性的公式-
Computed tomography (CT) is a powerful diagnostic tool based on X-ray attenuation by a specimen, and is capable of providing three-dimensional (3D) images with excellent spatial resolution.[1] A contrast agent with high X-ray attenuation, typically materials containing elements with a high Z number such as iodine, barium, and bismuth, is often used in CT imaging to provide better contrast between the tissue of interest and its surroundings.[2] The only CT contrast agents currently approved for clinical use are iodinated aromatic molecules, and barium sulfate for gastrointestinal tract imaging. CT imaging with small-molecule contrast agents is limited by their nonspecific distribution, rapid renal clearance, and rapid extravasation from blood and lymphatic vessels.[2] Large doses of small-molecule agents (tens of grams) are typically needed to provide adequate contrast, which sometimes cause adverse reactions for the patients.These limitations can be overcome by nanoparticulate contrast agents that can carry a high payload and be functionalized to increase blood circulation times and to endow target specificity.[3] Nanoparticles do not readily diffuse into extravascular space or undergo rapid renal clearance, thus allowing adequate time for accumulation at a disease site. These advantages could allow for a larger time window for imaging and enhanced image contrast at a lower dose. Several nanoparticle systems including Bi2S3,[4] gold,[5] and iodinated organic nanoparticles,[6] have recently been evaluated as next-generation CT contrast agents. However, it is challenging to formu-