Social Justice and the Welfare State: Institutions, Outcomes, and Attitudes in Comparative Perspective
Social Justice and the Welfare State: Institutions, Outcomes, and Attitudes in Comparative Perspective
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社会正义和福利国家：比较视角下的制度、结果和态度
DOI：
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Patrick Sachweh
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Patrick Sachweh
本章从制度、社会结构和态度的角度分析了社会公正和福利国家之间的关系。借鉴大卫米勒的平等，需要和优点之间的区别和戈斯塔Esping-Andersen的社会民主，自由和保守的福利制度的分类，它阐述了（a）不同的重点福利国家给予社会正义的核心原则，（B）在何种程度上，他们实现这些原则，通过他们的计划和政策，（c）和他们的公民认为什么是公正的。社会民主福利国家通过对社会权利的普遍态度，低水平的贫困和不平等以及公民的强烈平等主义而脱颖而出。相比之下，自由主义福利国家注重通过有针对性的社会政策满足基本需求，因此表现出高度的贫困和不平等，而公民的取向则表现出明显的自由主义。保守的福利制度依靠社会保险以精英管理的方式将社会福利和贡献联系起来，涉及中等水平的贫困和不平等以及稳固的福利国家支持。最后一节讨论了公众对社会正义的理解是否随着经济合作与发展组织（OECD）的重大福利国家改革而发生了变化，并考虑了对福利国家未来的影响。
This chapter analyzes the relationship between social justice and the welfare state from an institutional, social-structural, and attitudinal perspective. Drawing on David Miller’s distinction between equality, need, and merit and Gosta Esping-Andersen’s classification of social-democratic, liberal, and conservative welfare regimes, it elaborates (a) the differential emphasis welfare states give to core principles of social justice, (b) the extent to which they realize these principles through their programs and policies, (c) and what their citizens regard as just. Social-democratic welfare states stand out as distinctly egalitarian through a universal approach to social rights, low levels of poverty and inequality, and a strong egalitarianism of their citizenry. Liberal welfare states, by contrast, focus on meeting basic needs via targeted social policies, thus exhibiting high levels of poverty and inequality while citizens’ orientations display a pronounced liberalism. Conservative welfare regimes rely on social insurances to relate social benefits and contributions in a meritocratic way, involving medium levels of poverty and inequality and solid welfare state support. The concluding section discusses whether public understandings of social justice have changed in conjunction with major welfare state reforms that have occurred throughout the OECD and considers the implications for the future of the welfare state.
影响因子：
3
作者：
Kammer, Andreas;Niehues, Judith;Peichl, Andreas
通讯作者：
Peichl, Andreas