Examining developmental plasticity in the skeletal system through a sensitive developmental windows framework
Examining developmental plasticity in the skeletal system through a sensitive developmental windows framework
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通过敏感的发育窗口框架检查骨骼系统的发育可塑性
DOI：
10.1002/ajpa.24338
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
McPherson, Cait B.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
McPherson, Cait B.
发育可塑性促进了对表型轨迹的能量昂贵但潜在的健康增强的调整，以响应环境应激源，从而可能显著影响生命过程中的生长、发病率和死亡率的模式。正在进行的表观遗传学和发育生物学研究表明，在评估压力对发育过程的影响时，压力暴露的时机是一个关键因素。具体地说，在敏感发育窗口(SDW)内经历的压力，即以高能量需求和快速生长为特征的离散发育期，可能会改变生长的速度和速度，从而在短期和长期显著影响表型发育。在人类骨骼生物学中，通过将SDW概念纳入现有的方法学方法，可以加强评估发育环境如何影响生命过程中的健康结果的努力。这篇文章的目的是概述一个解释性框架，用于识别和解释使用SDW概念的骨骼系统发育应激的证据。这一框架为确定最有可能捕捉与研究核心研究问题最相关的压力证据的因素、解释这些因素表现出的发育压力以及压力的骨骼指标与发病率和死亡率的人口统计模式的关系提供了指导。在骨骼生物学中使用SDW概念有可能丰富解决健康和疾病假说的发育起源的传统方法，目标是个人最容易受到压力影响的时期，从而最有可能表现出可塑性。
Developmental plasticity facilitates energetically costly but potentially fitness‐enhancing adjustments to phenotypic trajectories in response to environmental stressors, and thus may significantly impact patterns of growth, morbidity, and mortality over the life course. Ongoing research into epigenetics and developmental biology indicate that the timing of stress exposures is a key factor when assessing their impact on developmental processes. Specifically, stress experienced within sensitive developmental windows (SDWs), discrete developmental periods characterized by heightened energy requirements and rapid growth, may alter the pace and tempo of growth in ways that significantly influence phenotypic development over both the short and long term. In human skeletal biology, efforts to assess how developmental environments shape health outcomes over the life course could be enhanced by incorporating the SDW concept into existing methodological approaches. The goal of this article is to outline an interpretive framework for identifying and interpreting evidence of developmental stress in the skeletal system using the SDW concept. This framework provides guidance for the identification of elements most likely to capture evidence of stress most relevant to a study's core research questions, the interpretation of developmental stress exhibited by those elements, and the relationship of skeletal indicators of stress to the demographic patterning of morbidity and mortality. Use of the SDW concept in skeletal biology has the potential to enrich traditional approaches to addressing developmental origins of health and disease hypotheses, by targeting periods in which individuals are most susceptible to stress and thus most likely to exhibit plasticity in response.