The March, 2011 Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant Disaster – A Foreseeable System Accident?
The March, 2011 Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant Disaster – A Foreseeable System Accident?
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2011 年 3 月福岛第一核电站灾难——一场可预见的系统事故？
DOI：
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
S. Bennett
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. Bennett
本章对 2011 年 3 月 11 日福岛第一核电站灾难进行了系统理论分析。东北地震后，福岛第一核电站遭受了一系列故障，导致核材料泄漏到环境中，并导致 15 万居民疏散。本章使用 Rose Challenger、Christopher Clegg 和 Mark Robinson 开发的公式（了解人群行为，第 1 卷。实践指导和确定的教训。文具办公室，伦敦，2010 年），认为这场灾难是源于一系列因素（社会、经济、政治和文化）的系统事故。其次，本章认为这场灾难是可以预见的。第三，本章认为，渗透到日本工业、官僚和政治精英中的盲目性和群体思维增加了灾难发生的可能性。至于如何避免重复，本章提供了三种选择。首先，国际社会可以尝试说服日本放弃核计划。其次，日本可以完全利用化石燃料和太阳能、风能、水力、潮汐和生物质等可再生能源发电。第三，日本可以在其核电站中配备在文化上不倾向于从众和服从的管理者和工人。作者的结论是，每种解决方案都是有问题的。
The chapter presents a systems-theory-informed analysis of the 11 March 2011 Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant disaster. Following the Tōhoku earthquake, Fukushima-Daiichi suffered a series of failures that saw nuclear material released into the environment and the evacuation of 150,000 residents. Using a formula developed by Rose Challenger, Christopher Clegg and Mark Robinson (Understanding crowd behaviours, vol. 1. Practical guidance and lessons identified. The Stationery Office, London, 2010), the chapter argues that the disaster was a system accident originating in a spectrum of factors – social, economic, political and cultural. Secondly, the chapter argues that the disaster was foreseeable. Thirdly, the chapter argues that the mindlessness and groupthink that permeated Japan’s industrial, bureaucratic and political elites increased the likelihood of disaster. As to how a repeat can be avoided, the chapter offers three options. First, the world community could try to persuade Japan to abandon its nuclear programme. Secondly, Japan could generate her electricity entirely from fossil fuels and renewables such as solar, wind, hydro, tide and biomass. Thirdly, Japan could seed her nuclear plants with managers and workers not culturally predisposed to conformity and obedience. The author concludes that each solution is problematic.
DOI：
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发表时间：
2009
期刊：
Professional safety
影响因子：
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作者：
Holden,RichardJ
通讯作者：
Holden,RichardJ