A climate-adapted push-pull system effectively controls fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J E Smith), in maize in East Africa
A climate-adapted push-pull system effectively controls fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J E Smith), in maize in East Africa
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cropro.2017.11.003
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发表时间：
2018-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Khan, Zeyaur R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Midega, Charles A. O.;Pittchar, Jimmy O.;Khan, Zeyaur R.
草地贪夜蛾（Spodoptera frugiperda，J.E. Smith）是一种原产于热带和亚热带美洲的重要经济害虫，最近入侵非洲，对玉米和其他作物造成严重损害。我们评估了一个伴侣种植系统的功能，“气候适应推拉”，开发用于控制谷物茎螟在干燥的农业生态系统，作为一个额外的工具，管理秋粘虫。该技术包括玉米与耐旱绿叶山蚂蝗Desmodiwn intortwn（Mill.）Urb.，并在该间作周围种植Brachiaria cv Mulato II作为边缘作物。玉米的保护作用是由间作作物释放的化学信息素提供的，这些化学信息素可以驱赶（推动）蛀茎蛾，而边缘作物释放的化学信息素则可以吸引（拉动）蛀茎蛾。在2017年3月至8月的漫长雨季期间，在肯尼亚，乌干达和坦桑尼亚的干旱地区随机选择了250名采用该技术的农民进行研究。每个农民都有一套两块地，一块适应气候的推拉式地和一块玉米单作地。在每个小区中收集关于玉米上的秋粘虫幼虫的数量、被幼虫损害的玉米植株的百分比和玉米籽粒产量的数据。同样，使用半结构化问卷评估了农民对技术对害虫影响的看法。与玉米单作地块相比，气候适应推拉地块的每株平均幼虫数量减少了82.7%，每地块的植物损害减少了86.7%。同样，在适应气候的推拉地块中，玉米籽粒产量显著提高，为2.7倍。农民认为这项技术在减少秋季粘虫侵扰和植物损害率方面具有明显的上级优势。这些结果表明，该技术在控制秋粘虫方面是有效的，同时玉米籽粒产量增加，并且代表了可以立即部署用于东非及其他地区害虫管理的技术的第一个文件。
Fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J E Smith), an economically important pest native to tropical and subtropical America has recently invaded Africa, causing substantial damage to maize and other crops. We evaluated functionality of a companion cropping system, 'climate-adapted push-pull', developed for control of cereal stemborers in drier agro-ecologies, as an added tool for the management of fall armyworm. The technology comprises intercropping maize with drought-tolerant greenleaf desmodium, Desmodiwn intortwn (Mill.) Urb., and planting Brachiaria cv Mulato II as a border crop around this intercrop. Protection to maize is provided by semiochemicals that are emitted by the intercrop that repel (push) stemborer moths while those released by the border crop attract (pull) them. 250 farmers who had adopted the technology in drier areas of Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania were randomly selected for the study during the long rainy season (March-August) of 2017. Each farmer had a set of two plots, a climate-adapted push pull and a maize monocrop. Data were collected in each plot on the number of fall armyworm larvae on maize, percentage of maize plants damaged by the larvae and maize grain yields. Similarly, farmers' perceptions of the impact of the technology on the pest were assessed using a semi-structured questionnaire. Reductions of 82.7% in average number of larvae per plant and 86.7% in plant damage per plot were observed in climate-adapted push-pull compared to maize monocrop plots. Similarly, maize grain yields were significantly higher, 2.7 times, in the climate-adapted push-pull plots. Farmers rated the technology significantly superior in reducing fall armyworm infestation and plant damage rates. These results demonstrate that the technology is effective in controlling fall armyworm with concomitant maize grain yield increases, and represent the first documentation of a technology that can be immediately deployed for management of the pest in East Africa and beyond.