Are chickadees good listeners? Antipredator responses to raptor vocalizations
Are chickadees good listeners? Antipredator responses to raptor vocalizations
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DOI：
10.1016/j.anbehav.2015.09.004
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发表时间：
2015-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Jensen, Sophia Maria De La Lucia
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Billings, Alexis C.;Greene, Erick;Jensen, Sophia Maria De La Lucia
许多动物通过各种线索收集关于捕食者的信息，如视觉，听觉和嗅觉。包括山雀在内的几种鸟类都善于利用视觉线索区分猛禽的种类，它们可以在警报声中编码有关威胁级别的信息。关于鸟类如何区分不同种类捕食者的叫声，人们所知甚少。我们回放了三种猛禽对黑顶山雀，Poecile atricapillus，山地山雀，Poecile gambeli和栗背山雀，Poecile rufescens的叫声，以确定它们是否可以使用声学线索区分它们。我们播放了两种小型、高威胁猛禽的叫声，北方侏儒猫头鹰（Glaucidium gnoma）和尖胫鹰（Accipiter striatus），它们的狩猎策略非常不同（主要是坐等伏击捕食者和非常快速的突袭飞行）。我们还玩了一个更大的，低威胁的北方苍鹰，鹰。与北方苍鹰相比，黑顶山雀和山雀对这两种更危险的小型猛禽的叫声的反应要大得多;它们对这两种小型猛禽的叫声的反应也非常不同。栗背山雀对三只猛禽的叫声没有不同的反应。这些结果表明，黑顶山雀和山雀可以在这三种猛禽的叫声之间做出特定的区分，并且它们以复杂的方式在警报叫声中编码信息。(C)2015动物行为研究协会。由爱思唯尔有限公司出版。保留所有权利。
Many animals gather information about predators with a variety of cues, such as visual, acoustic, and olfactory. Several species of birds, including chickadees, are good at discriminating between species of raptors using visual cues, and they can encode information about the threat level in their alarm calls. Much less is known about how birds discriminate between the calls of different species of predators. We played back the calls of three species of raptors to black-capped chickadees, Poecile atricapillus, mountain chickadees, Poecile gambeli, and chestnut-backed chickadees, Poecile rufescens, to determine whether they can discriminate between them using acoustic cues. We played the calls of two species of small, high-threat raptors, northern pygmy-owl, Glaucidium gnoma, and sharp-shinned hawk, Accipiter striatus, which have very different hunting strategies (mainly sit-and-wait ambush predator versus very fast surprise attack flights). We also played a larger, lower-threat northern goshawk, Accipiter gentilis. Black-capped and mountain chickadees responded much more to the calls of the two small, more dangerous raptors than to the northern goshawk; they also responded very differently to the calls of the two small raptors. Chestnut-backed chickadees did not respond differently to the calls of the three raptors. These results indicate that black-capped and mountain chickadees can make specific discriminations between the calls of these three raptors and that they encode information in their alarm calls in sophisticated ways. (C) 2015 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.