Supplemental feeding regimes for Egyptian vultures in the Negev Desert, Israel
Supplemental feeding regimes for Egyptian vultures in the Negev Desert, Israel
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DOI：
10.2307/3802491
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发表时间：
1999-01-01
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Mannan, RW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Meretsky, VJ;Mannan, RW
补充喂养越来越多地用于支持受粮食资源减少威胁的秃鹫种群。随着这种做法从一种权宜之计转变为一种管理技术，需要关于饲养制度变化对秃鹫行为影响的信息。我们在以色列内盖夫沙漠为埃及秃鹫（Neophron cavernopterus）提供食物。一个常规饲养站（RFS）每天储备5-10公斤鸡尸体，一个非常规饲养站（IFS）大约每月两次储备20-350公斤牲畜尸体。在RFS，数量达到20-30只鸟的峰值; IFS的鸟群规模达到30-40只鸟的峰值。成年鸡喂养的鸡可以支配个别尸体和喂养比例高于年轻的鸟类。在IFS的大型尸体和分散的废料不能由个人辩护，成年人没有优先喂养小，每天的食物交付有利于成年人，并导致更高比例的羊群喂养。大，不频繁的交付并不有利于任何年龄组，但是，不频繁的食物交付可能无法提供足够的成年人喂养年轻的定期食物。RFS中较小的食腐动物并没有将埃及秃鹫排除在食物之外。在IFS，大型哺乳动物短暂地排除了秃鹫，但通常通过撕开尸体来改善食物的获取。IFS的欧亚狮鹫（Gyps fulvus）排除了埃及秃鹫，并消耗了大部分可用的食物。欧亚狮身人面兽不进食。鸡只屠体;因此，当专门吃大型尸体的秃鹫物种也存在时，小型尸体可以优先用来喂养小型秃鹫物种。
Supplemental feeding is increasingly used to support vulture populations threatened by declining food resources. As the practice moves from a stopgap procedure to a management technique, information is needed on the effects of variations in feeding regime on vulture behavior. We provided food to Egyptian vultures (Neophron percnopterus) in the Negev Desert, Israel, under 2 regimes. A regular feeding station (RFS) was stocked daily with 5-10 kg of chicken carcasses, and an irregular feeding station (IFS) was stocked approximately twice monthly with 20-350 kg of livestock carcasses. At the RFS, numbers peaked at 20-30 birds; flock size at the IFS peaked at 30-40 birds. Adults feeding on chickens could dominate individual carcasses and fed in higher proportions than younger birds. Large carcasses and scattered scraps at the IFS could not be defended by individuals, and adults did not feed preferentially Small, daily food deliveries favored adults and resulted in higher proportions of flocks feeding. Large, infrequent deliveries did not favor any age class; however, infrequent food deliveries may not provide sufficiently regular food for adults feeding young. Smaller competing scavengers at the RFS did not exclude Egyptian vultures from food. At the IFS, large mammals briefly excluded vultures but often improved access to food by tearing open carcasses. Eurasian griffons (Gyps fulvus) at the IFS excluded Egyptian vultures and consumed most of the available food. Eurasian griffons did not feed. on chicken carcasses; hence, small carcasses can be used to feed small vulture species preferentially when species that specialize on large carcasses are also present.