Measurements of electron transport in liquid and gas Xenon using a laser-driven photocathode
Measurements of electron transport in liquid and gas Xenon using a laser-driven photocathode
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DOI：
10.1016/j.nima.2020.163965
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发表时间：
2019-11
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通讯作者：
O. Njoya;T. Tsang;M. Tarka;W. Fairbank;K. Kumar;Triveni Rao;T. Wager;S. A. Kharusi;G. Anton;I. Arnquist;I. Badhrees;P. Barbeau;D. Beck;V. Belov;T. Bhatta;J. Brodsky;E. Brown;T. Brunner;E. Caden;G. Cao;L. Cao;W. Cen;C. Chambers;B. Chana;S. Charlebois;M. Chiu;B. Cleveland;M. Coon;A. Craycraft;J. Dalmasson;T. Daniels;L. Darroch;S. Daugherty;A. D. S. Croix;A. D. Mesrobian-Kabakian;R. DeVoe;M. Vacri;J. Dilling;Y. Ding;M. Dolinski;A. Dragone;J. Echevers;M. Elbeltagi;L. Fabris;D. Fairbank;J. Farine;S. Ferrara;S. Feyzbakhsh;R. Fontaine;A. Fucarino;G. Gallina;P. Gautam;G. Giacomini;D. Goeldi;R. Gornea;G. Gratta;E. Hansen;M. Heffner;E. Hoppe;J. Hössl;A. House;M. Hughes;A. Iverson;A. Jamil;M. Jewell;X. Jiang;A. Karelin;L. Kaufman;D. Kodroff;T. Koffas;R. Krücken;A. Kuchenkov;Y. Lan;A. Larson;K. Leach;B. Lenardo;D. Leonard;G. Li;S. Li;Z. Li;C. Licciardi;Yuehe Lin;P. Lv;R. Maclellan;T. McElroy;M. Medina-Peregrina;T. Michel;B. Mong;D. Moore;K. Murray;P. Nakarmi;C. Natzke;R. J. Newby;Z. Ning;F. Nolet;O. Nusair;K. Odgers;A. Odian;M. Oriunno;J. Orrell;G. S. Ortega;I. Ostrovskiy;C. Overman;S. Parent;A. Piepke;A. Pocar;J. Pratte;V. Radeka;E. Raguzin;S. Rescia;F. Retière;M. Richman;A. Robinson;T. Rossignol;P. Rowson;N. Roy;J. Runge;R. Saldanha;S. Sangiorgio;K. S. Viii;A. Soma;G. St-Hilaire;V. Stekhanov;T. Stiegler;X. Sun;Jacob Todd;T. Tolba;T. Totev;R. Tsang;F. Vachon;V. Veeraraghavan;S. Viel;G. Visser;C. Vivo-Vilches;J. Vuilleumier;M. Wagenpfeil;M. Walent;Q. Wang;Martin Ward;J. Watkins;M. Weber;W. Wei;L. Wen;U. Wichoski;S. X. Wu;W. Wu;Xiongwei Wu;Q. Xia;H. Yang;Liang Yang;Y. Yen;O. Zeldovich;J. Zhao;Y. Zhou;T. Ziegler
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作者：
O. Njoya;T. Tsang;M. Tarka;W. Fairbank;K. Kumar;Triveni Rao;T. Wager;S. A. Kharusi;G. Anton;I. Arnquist;I. Badhrees;P. Barbeau;D. Beck;V. Belov;T. Bhatta;J. Brodsky;E. Brown;T. Brunner;E. Caden;G. Cao;L. Cao;W. Cen;C. Chambers;B. Chana;S. Charlebois;M. Chiu;B. Cleveland;M. Coon;A. Craycraft;J. Dalmasson;T. Daniels;L. Darroch;S. Daugherty;A. D. S. Croix;A. D. Mesrobian-Kabakian;R. DeVoe;M. Vacri;J. Dilling;Y. Ding;M. Dolinski;A. Dragone;J. Echevers;M. Elbeltagi;L. Fabris;D. Fairbank;J. Farine;S. Ferrara;S. Feyzbakhsh;R. Fontaine;A. Fucarino;G. Gallina;P. Gautam;G. Giacomini;D. Goeldi;R. Gornea;G. Gratta;E. Hansen;M. Heffner;E. Hoppe;J. Hössl;A. House;M. Hughes;A. Iverson;A. Jamil;M. Jewell;X. Jiang;A. Karelin;L. Kaufman;D. Kodroff;T. Koffas;R. Krücken;A. Kuchenkov;Y. Lan;A. Larson;K. Leach;B. Lenardo;D. Leonard;G. Li;S. Li;Z. Li;C. Licciardi;Yuehe Lin;P. Lv;R. Maclellan;T. McElroy;M. Medina-Peregrina;T. Michel;B. Mong;D. Moore;K. Murray;P. Nakarmi;C. Natzke;R. J. Newby;Z. Ning;F. Nolet;O. Nusair;K. Odgers;A. Odian;M. Oriunno;J. Orrell;G. S. Ortega;I. Ostrovskiy;C. Overman;S. Parent;A. Piepke;A. Pocar;J. Pratte;V. Radeka;E. Raguzin;S. Rescia;F. Retière;M. Richman;A. Robinson;T. Rossignol;P. Rowson;N. Roy;J. Runge;R. Saldanha;S. Sangiorgio;K. S. Viii;A. Soma;G. St-Hilaire;V. Stekhanov;T. Stiegler;X. Sun;Jacob Todd;T. Tolba;T. Totev;R. Tsang;F. Vachon;V. Veeraraghavan;S. Viel;G. Visser;C. Vivo-Vilches;J. Vuilleumier;M. Wagenpfeil;M. Walent;Q. Wang;Martin Ward;J. Watkins;M. Weber;W. Wei;L. Wen;U. Wichoski;S. X. Wu;W. Wu;Xiongwei Wu;Q. Xia;H. Yang;Liang Yang;Y. Yen;O. Zeldovich;J. Zhao;Y. Zhou;T. Ziegler
本文报道了液态和气态氙中电子漂移特性的测量结果。在脉冲紫外激光驱动下，半透明金光电阴极在透射模式下利用光电效应产生电子。电荷在不同电场和2.0 cm的固定漂移距离下在小室中漂移和扩散。在0.5kV/cm的电场下，测得的漂移速度和相应的温度系数分别为1。97±0。04 m m scinus和（− 0. 69±0。05）%/K（对于液体氙）和1. 42±0。03 m m scinus和（+ 0. 11±0。01）%/K，对于1.5 bar下的气态氙。此外，我们测量的纵向扩散系数为25。7±4。6cm 2/s和149±23 cm 2/s。研究了金光电阴极在液态氙、气态氙和真空中光子能量为4.73eV时的量子效率。这些电荷输运性质和光电阴极在氙环境中的行为在设计和校准未来的大规模稀有液体探测器中是重要的。
Measurements of electron drift properties in liquid and gaseous xenon are reported. The electrons are generated by the photoelectric effect in a semi-transparent gold photocathode driven in transmission mode with a pulsed ultraviolet laser. The charges drift and diffuse in a small chamber at various electric fields and a fixed drift distance of 2.0 cm. At an electric field of 0.5 kV/cm, the measured drift velocities and corresponding temperature coefficients respectively are 1. 97±0. 04 m m∕ μ s and (− 0. 69±0. 05)%/K for liquid xenon, and 1. 42±0. 03 m m∕ μ s and (+ 0. 11±0. 01)%/K for gaseous xenon at 1.5 bar. In addition, we measure longitudinal diffusion coefficients of 25. 7±4. 6 cm 2/s and 149±23 cm 2/s, for liquid and gas, respectively. The quantum efficiency of the gold photocathode is studied at the photon energy of 4.73 eV in liquid and gaseous xenon, and vacuum. These charge transport properties and the behavior of photocathodes in a xenon environment are important in designing and calibrating future large scale noble liquid detectors.