Observation of Roton Mode Population in a Dipolar Quantum Gas.

Observation of Roton Mode Population in a Dipolar Quantum Gas.
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DOI:
10.1038/s41567-018-0054-7
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发表时间:
2018-05
期刊:
影响因子:
19.6
通讯作者:
Ferlaino F
Ferlaino F
中科院分区:
物理与天体物理1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Chomaz L;van Bijnen RMW;Petter D;Faraoni G;Baier S;Becher JH;Mark MJ;Wächtler F;Santos L;Ferlaino F

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旋子是一种特殊的基本激发,在有限动量下形成最小能量,这一概念对于理解超流4He的性质是必不可少的。在量子液体中,粒子间强烈的相互作用产生了轻子,其微观描述仍然存在争议。在高度可控的量子气体领域,尽管它们的相互作用很弱,但由于磁偶极-偶极相互作用,预测会出现一个旋子模。这一前景引起了相当大的兴趣;然而,偶极量子气体中的旋子模仍然难以观察到。本文报道了对高磁性Er原子玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体中动量分布的实验和理论研究,揭示了人们长期寻求的Roton模的存在。在相互作用猝灭之后,Roton模表现为在明确定义的有限动量下出现对称的峰。旋子动量遵循预测的几何标度,并与沿磁化轴的限制长度成反比。从粒子数的增长出发,我们及时探测了激发谱的粒子软化现象,并提取了相应的虚粒子能隙。我们的结果为探索偶极量子气体的超固态提供了进一步的步骤。
The concept of a roton, a special kind of elementary excitation, forming a minimum of energy at finite momentum, has been essential to understand the properties of superfluid 4He. In quantum liquids, rotons arise from the strong interparticle interactions, whose microscopic description remains debated. In the realm of highly-controllable quantum gases, a roton mode has been predicted to emerge due to magnetic dipole-dipole interactions despite of their weakly-interacting character. This prospect has raised considerable interest; yet roton modes in dipolar quantum gases have remained elusive to observations. Here we report experimental and theoretical studies of the momentum distribution in Bose-Einstein condensates of highly-magnetic erbium atoms, revealing the existence of the long-sought roton mode. Following an interaction quench, the roton mode manifests itself with the appearance of symmetric peaks at well-defined finite momentum. The roton momentum follows the predicted geometrical scaling with the inverse of the confinement length along the magnetisation axis. From the growth of the roton population, we probe the roton softening of the excitation spectrum in time and extract the corresponding imaginary roton gap. Our results provide a further step in the quest towards supersolidity in dipolar quantum gases.
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