Control of cerebrovascular patterning by neural activity during postnatal development.
Control of cerebrovascular patterning by neural activity during postnatal development.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.mod.2015.06.003
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发表时间：
2015-11
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Gu C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lacoste B;Gu C
大脑仅占体重的一小部分，但却消耗了近四分之一的可用能量，并且存储能量的能力有限。因此，大脑高度依赖血液循环的氧气和营养供应，这使得大脑容易受到血管病变的影响。关键的血管决定因素将确保大脑的正常成熟和功能：血管网络的建立、血脑屏障的形成以及血流的调节。最近的证据表明，神经血管耦合现象（神经活动增加通常会导致血流量增加）直到出生后几周才发挥作用，这意味着发育中的大脑必须依赖替代机制来充分耦合血液供应与不断增加的能量需求。本综述将重点关注这些替代机制，最近通过神经活动影响脑血管网络成熟的证明，部分阐明了这些机制。我们还提出了活动诱导的血管可塑性的可能机制。
The brain represents only a small portion of the body mass and yet consumes almost a quarter of the available energy, and has a limited ability to store energy. The brain is therefore highly dependent on oxygen and nutrient supply from the blood circulation, which makes it vulnerable to vascular pathologies. Key vascular determinants will ensure proper brain maturation and function: the establishment of vascular networks, the formation of the blood-brain barrier, and the regulation of blood flow. Recent evidence suggests that the phenomenon of neurovascular coupling, during which increased neural activity normally leads to increased blood flow, is not functional until few weeks after birth, implying that the developing brain must rely on alternative mechanisms to adequately couple blood supply to increasing energy demands. This review will focus on these alternative mechanisms, which have been partly elucidated recently via the demonstration that neural activity influences the maturation of cerebrovascular networks. We also propose possible mechanisms underlying activity-induced vascular plasticity.