Sleep deprivation in the rat: XV. Ambient temperature choice in paradoxical sleep-deprived rats.
Sleep deprivation in the rat: XV. Ambient temperature choice in paradoxical sleep-deprived rats.
复制标题
大鼠睡眠剥夺：XV。
DOI：
10.1093/sleep/15.1.13
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发表时间：
1992
期刊：
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
Rechtschaffen,A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Landis,CA;Bergmann,BM;Ismail,MM;Rechtschaffen,A
以前用水盘法对大鼠的完全睡眠剥夺(TSD)和反常睡眠剥夺(PSD)的研究表明，两者都会引起体温调节的变化。根据能量消耗(EE)的测量，在这两种剥夺中，热量产生都有一个渐进的、大幅度的增加。在TSD组，清醒体温(TB)最初升高，随后降低；在PSD组，只是逐渐降低。发热量的增加远远超过储热量，这表明两组的热量损失都增加了。由于Tbin TSD大鼠的增加是由环境温度选择(Tch)支持的，环境温度选择(Tch)在剥夺期间逐渐变得更高，因此有迹象表明觉醒温度设定点(Tset)增加。由于这些大鼠在产热大大增加的情况下仍诉诸于行为万宁，它们一定是在某种程度上未能保持身体热量。在本研究之前，尚未对PSD大鼠的TSET变化进行评估。因为他们没有表现出结核病的增加，PSD大鼠可能没有升高的Tset，这将表明PS和非快速眼动(NREM)睡眠之间的功能差异。此外，对PSD大鼠的行为体温调节的评估将澄清他们的Tb下降是由于过多的热量损失还是Tset的降低-以评估热流的变化，并测量了5只PSD大鼠和他们的颈状对照组(PSC)大鼠的Tset、Ee、Tband Tch。在早期的PSD研究中，PSD大鼠的EE呈进行性增加，而TBAS呈进行性下降；PSC大鼠在所有三个参数上的变化都很小。由于PSD大鼠表现出与Tb下降相反的EE和Tch增加，Tb的下降必须归因于过度的热损失，而不是产热减少或TSET降低。PSD大鼠的热损失缺陷和TSET变化与先前研究的TSD大鼠的比较。EE和TChin之间的正相关两组都与热生成增加和对热保持缺陷的反应行为变暖一致。在Tchear基线，假设Tb接近Tset，TSD大鼠的Tb升高，而PSD大鼠则不增加，这表明TSD增加了TSET，而PSD没有。因此，在TSD大鼠中，Tchand EE的增加可能被视为在面对过多的热量损失时试图达到TSE的升高。在PSD大鼠中，升高的Tcband EE也是对过度热损失的反应，但明显的目标是维持基线T，而不是升高的Tset。由于TSD和PSD大鼠都失去了PS，但PSD大鼠的NREM睡眠得到了很好的保存，TSEtin TSD大鼠的升高与NREM睡眠的丧失更密切相关，而体温保持的困难可以归因于PS的丢失。
Previous studies of total sleep deprivation (TSD) and paradoxical sleep deprivation (PSD) in the rat by the disk-over-water method have indicated that both produce changes in thermoregulation. In both kinds of deprivation, there was a progressive, large increase in heat production as indicated by measures of energy expenditure (EE). In TSD there was an initial increase in waking body temperature (Tb) followed by a later decrease; in PSD there was only a progressive decrease. The increases in heat production far in excess of heat storage indicated increased heat loss in both groups. Because the increase in Tbin TSD rats was supported by ambient temperature choices (Tch) in a thermal gradient that became progressively higher during deprivation, an increase in waking temperature setpoint (TSET) was indicated. Because the rats resorted to behavioral wanning in spite of greatly increased thermogenesis, they must have had some failure to retain body heat. Prior to the present study, changes in TSET, had not been evaluated in PSD rats. Because they had not shown increases in Tb, PSD rats might not have an elevated TSET, which would indicate a functional difference between PS and nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. Also, an evaluation of behavioral thermoregulation in PSD rats would clarify whether their Tbdecline resulted from excessive heat loss or from a lowered TSET-To evaluate changes in heat flow and TSET, EE, Tband Tchwere measured in five PSD rats and their yoked control (PSC) rats. PSD rats showed progressive increases in EE and decreases in Tbas in the earlier PSD study; Tchrose progressively. PSC rats showed minimal changes in all three parameters. Because PSD rats showed increased EE and Tch, which oppose Tbdecline, their decline in Tbmust be ascribed to excessive heat loss rather than to decreased thermogenesis or a lowered TSET.Heat loss deficits and TSETchange in PSD rats were compared to those of previously studied TSD rats. A positive correlation between EE and Tchin both groups was consistent with an elevation of thermogenesis and behavioral warming in response to a heat retention deficit. At Tchnear baseline, where Tbwas assumed to be near TSET, Tbwas increased in TSD rats but not in PSD rats, indicating that TSETwas increased by TSD and not by PSD. Therefore, in TSD rats the increased Tchand EE may be viewed as attempts to reach an elevated TSETin the face of excessive heat loss. In PSD rats, elevated Tcband EE are also responses to excessive heat loss, but the apparent target is to maintain baseline Tbrather than an elevated TSET. Because both TSD and PSD rats lost PS, but NREM sleep was well preserved in PSD, the elevation of TSETin TSD rats was more closely associated with the loss of NREM sleep, whereas the difficulty in retaining body heat can be ascribed to the loss of PS.