Deprivation based inequality in NO x emissions in England
Deprivation based inequality in NO x emissions in England
复制标题
英国基于剥夺的氮氧化物排放不平等
DOI：
10.1039/d3va00054k
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发表时间：
2023
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Gray N
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gray N
空气污染暴露的不平等是一个既定的问题，全球范围内，这项研究评估在英国氮氧化物排放的不平等。氮氧化物是一类对人体健康有不利影响的空气污染物。2019年英格兰主要来源部门的氮氧化物排放量与使用低层超级输出区（LSOA）的英国多重排放指数（IMD）的剥夺数据相关联。在最贫困的十分之一的低硫大气层中，氮氧化物排放量的中位数为每年每平方公里16吨，而在最贫困的十分之一的低硫大气层中，氮氧化物排放量的中位数为每年每平方公里7.0吨。对整个数据集进行的线性回归模型显示出更高的不平等，最贫困的十分之一人口每年每平方公里排放19吨氮氧化物，最贫困的十分之一人口每年每平方公里排放7.3吨氮氧化物。所有主要排放源，如运输、家庭燃烧、点源和工业，都显示出基于剥夺的不平等。区域、城市和农村城市分类等地理分类显示出内部的不平等，它们之间的差异显示出推动国家不平等的因素。氮氧化物排放量分布的不平等在所有人口密度水平上都持续存在。人口密度较低的地区，通常是农村地区，绝对排放量较低，但由于点源不成比例地影响更贫困的地区，基于排放的不平等最高。
Inequality in air pollution exposure is an established problem globally; this study evaluates inequality in NOx emissions in England. NOx is a class of air pollutants with a detrimental impact on human health. Emissions of NOx in 2019 from the major source sectors across England were linked to deprivation data from the English Indices of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) using Lower layer Super Output Areas (LSOAs). The median NOx emissions in the most deprived decile of LSOAs was 16 tonnes per km2 per year compared with 7.0 in the least deprived. A linear regression model to account for the whole dataset showed higher inequality, with emissions of 19 tonnes per km2 per year NOx for the most deprived decile and 7.3 for the least deprived. All major emission sources, such as transport, domestic combustion, point sources and industry showed deprivation-based inequality. Geographic classifications such as region, city and Rural Urban Classification were shown to have inequalities within them, and the differences between them were shown to drive national inequality. Inequalities in the distribution of NOx emissions persisted at all levels of population density. Less densely populated, typically rural, areas had lower absolute emissions, but the highest emissions-based inequality due to point sources disproportionately affecting more deprived areas.