Study on the Characteristics of Size-Segregated Particulate Water-Soluble Inorganic Ions and Potentially Toxic Metals during Wintertime in a High Population Residential Area in Beijing, China
Study on the Characteristics of Size-Segregated Particulate Water-Soluble Inorganic Ions and Potentially Toxic Metals during Wintertime in a High Population Residential Area in Beijing, China
复制标题
DOI：
10.3390/pr9030552
复制
发表时间：
2021-03
期刊：
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Kai Xiao;Ao Qin;Weiqian Wang;Senlin Lu;Qingyue Wang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kai Xiao;Ao Qin;Weiqian Wang;Senlin Lu;Qingyue Wang
我国北方冬季大气颗粒物（PM）污染较为严重，对人体健康构成潜在威胁。迄今为止，有有限的研究有关的金属和无机离子，以联系源分配和健康风险评估，在不同的粒径分离的PM样品。在这项研究中，我们的样本于2018年12月26日至2019年1月11日在人口密集的居住区（北京）通过大容量空气采样器收集。通过测定不同粒径颗粒物样品中水溶性无机离子、金属元素含量，对吸入颗粒物进行健康风险评价。在北京采样期间，PM1.1和PM1.1-2.0的平均浓度分别为39.67 ± 10.66 μg m−3和32.25 ± 6.78 μg m−3。不同元素的分布特征不同。燃煤标志物Pb、As、Se在PM1.1中的质量浓度均大于52%。（NO3− + NO2−）/SO 42 −、Cl−/Na+、Cl−/K+和Cl−/（NO3− + NO2−）的平均质量比分别为1.68、6.58、6.18和0.57，说明燃煤和机动车排放是北京冬季PM的主要人为来源。PM1.1是铅、镉和砷的主要致癌风险（CR）和危害商数（HQ）的贡献者。结果表明，PM1.1比粗颗粒物的危害更大。有毒元素Cr（VI）（1.12 × 10−6）、V（0.69 × 10−6）和As（0.41 × 10−6）导致儿童CR高于Ni、Cd、Co和Pb。同时，Pb（35.30 × 10−6）和Ni（21.07 × 10−6）对成人的CR高于As，Cr（VI），V，Co和Cd，尤其是PM1.1。本研究提供了北京市某高人口居住区的详细成分数据，并首次报道了该地区的人体健康状况。
Airborne particulate matter (PM) pollution often occurs in the wintertime in northern China, posing a potential threat to human health. To date, there are limited studies about the metals and inorganic ions to link source apportionments and health risk assessments in the different size-segregated PM samples. In this study, our samples were collected by a high-volume air sampler from 26 December 2018 to 11 January 2019 in a high population residential area (Beijing). Water-soluble inorganic ions, metal elements in the different size-segregated PM samples were determined for health risk assessments by inhalation of PM. During the sampling period in Beijing, the average concentrations of PM1.1 and PM1.1–2.0 were 39.67 ± 10.66 μg m−3 and 32.25 ± 6.78 μg m−3. Distinct distribution profiles characterized the different elements. The markers of coal combustion Pb, As, and Se had >52% of their mass concentration in PM1.1. The average mass ratios of (NO3− + NO2−)/SO42−, Cl−/Na+, Cl−/K+, and Cl−/(NO3− + NO2−) were 1.68, 6.58, 6.18, and 0.57, which showed that coal combustion and vehicle emissions were the main anthropogenic sources of PM in Beijing in winter. PM1.1 was the major contributor of Pb, Cd, and As for carcinogenic risks (CR) and hazard quotient (HQ). It was indicated that PM1.1 is more harmful than coarse PM. The toxic elements of Cr (VI) (1.12 × 10−6), V (0.69 × 10−6), and As (0.41 × 10−6) caused higher CR for children than Ni, Cd, Co, and Pb. Meanwhile, Pb (35.30 × 10−6) and Ni (21.07 × 10−6) caused higher CR for adults than As, Cr (VI), V, Co, and Cd, especially PM1.1. This study provides detailed composition data and the first report on human health in a high population residential area in Beijing.