A rare genotype of Cryptococcus gattii caused the cryptococcosis outbreak on Vancouver Island (British Columbia, Canada)
A rare genotype of Cryptococcus gattii caused the cryptococcosis outbreak on Vancouver Island (British Columbia, Canada)
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0402981101
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发表时间：
2004-12-07
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Meyer, W
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kidd, SE;Hagen, F;Meyer, W
格特隐球菌会在免疫力正常的宿主中引起肺部和中枢神经系统的危及生命的感染，传统上被认为在地理上仅限于热带和亚热带气候。最近在加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省温哥华岛的温带气候中爆发了格特隐球菌，引发了一项合作调查。当前研究的目的是确定暴发感染的环境来源，调查暴发和环境隐球菌分离株的分子类型，并确定分离株之间的遗传多样性程度。 PCR指纹和扩增片段长度多态性（AFLP）用于检查基因型，并进行交配测定以确定分离株的交配类型。所有爆发和环境分离株均属于格特隐球菌。通过使用 PCR 指纹图谱和 AFLP 分析获得了一致的结果。绝大多数临床和兽医感染是由分子类型 VGII/AFLP6 的分离株引起的，但有两种是由分子类型 VGI/AFLP4 引起的。所有环境分离株均属于分子类型 VGII/AFLP6。在暴发和环境分离株中，VGII/AFLP6 中观察到了两种或三种亚型。所有具有交配能力的分离株均为α交配型。这种通常是热带病原体在温哥华岛的出现凸显了这种基因型分布的变化，并强调了持续合作监测这种酵母菌全球流行病学的重要性。
Cryptococcus gattii causes life-threatening infection of the pulmonary and central nervous systems in hosts with normal immunity and traditionally has been considered to be restricted geographically to tropical and subtropical climates. The recent outbreak of C. gattii in the temperate climate of Vancouver Island, BC, Canada, led to a collaborative investigation. The objectives of the current study were to ascertain the environmental source of the outbreak infections, survey the molecular types of the outbreak and environmental cryptococcal isolates, and determine the extent of genetic diversity among the isolates. PCR-fingerprinting and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) were used to examine the genotypes, and mating assays were performed to determine the mating type of the isolates. All outbreak and environmental isolates belonged to C. gattii. Concordant results were obtained by using PCR-fingerprinting and AFLP analysis. The vast majority of clinical and veterinary infections were caused by isolates of the molecular type VGII/AFLP6, but two were caused by molecular type VGI/AFLP4. All environmental isolates belonged to molecular type VGII/AFLP6. Two or three sub-types were observed within VGII/AFLP6 among outbreak and environmental isolates. All mating-competent isolates were of the alpha-mating type. The emergence of this usually tropical pathogen on Vancouver Island highlights the changing distribution of this genotype and emphasizes the importance of an ongoing collaborative effort to monitor the global epidemiology of this yeast.