The distinction between symptoms and traits in the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP)
The distinction between symptoms and traits in the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP)
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DOI：
10.1111/jopy.12593
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发表时间：
2020-10-06
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Wright, Aidan G. C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
DeYoung, Colin G.;Chmielewski, Michael;Wright, Aidan G. C.
精神病理学层次分类法 (HiTOP) 是一种根据经验和定量得出的维度分类系统，旨在描述精神病理学的特征，并最终取代分类分类学。 HiTOP 组织的结构包括“症状成分”和“适应不良特征”，但过去的 HiTOP 出版物并未完全阐明症状和特征之间的区别。我们提出症状和特征的工作定义，并探讨挑战、例外和剩余问题。具体来说，我们提出 HiTOP 中症状和特征之间唯一的系统差异是时间范围之一。适应不良特征是描述表现出精神病理学特征的持续倾向的性格结构，而症状是精神病理学的特征，因为它们在任何特定时间段（从瞬间到几天到几个月）内表现出来。其结果是，几乎每个 HiTOP 维度，在层次结构的任何级别，都可以通过调整评估框架来评估为特征或症状维度。我们讨论这些定义对症状和特征之间关系的因果模型的影响，以及对精神病理学、正常人格变异和功能障碍之间区别的影响。
The Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) is an empirically and quantitatively derived dimensional classification system designed to describe the features of psychopathology and, ultimately, to replace categorical nosologies. Among the constructs that HiTOP organizes are "symptom components" and "maladaptive traits," but past HiTOP publications have not fully explicated the distinction between symptoms and traits. We propose working definitions of symptoms and traits and explore challenges, exceptions, and remaining questions. Specifically, we propose that the only systematic difference between symptoms and traits in HiTOP is one of time frame. Maladaptive traits are dispositional constructs that describe persistent tendencies to manifest features of psychopathology, whereas symptoms are features of psychopathology as they are manifest during any specific time period (from moments to days to months). This has the consequence that almost every HiTOP dimension, at any level of the hierarchy, can be assessed as either a trait or a symptom dimension, by adjusting the framing of the assessment. We discuss the implications of these definitions for causal models of the relations between symptoms and traits and for distinctions between psychopathology, normal personality variation, and dysfunction.