Economic analysis of integrating photovoltaics and battery energy storage system in an office building
Economic analysis of integrating photovoltaics and battery energy storage system in an office building
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DOI：
10.1016/j.enbuild.2023.112885
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发表时间：
2023-02
影响因子：
6.7
通讯作者：
Guangling Zhao;Joanna Clarke;J. Searle;Richard P. Lewis;Jenny Baker
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Guangling Zhao;Joanna Clarke;J. Searle;Richard P. Lewis;Jenny Baker
“主动建筑”的概念是指在英国建筑环境中的任何建筑，如工厂、办公室、住宅和其他建筑，这些建筑都具备节约、产生、储存和释放能源的能力。其中一座活跃的建筑于2018年在英国斯旺西大学建成，目前被用作包括Well Fight设施在内的小型办公室。这项研究的目的是分析一座现役建筑的经济性能，将建筑集成光伏(BIPV)和锂离子(Li-ion)电池与真实的建筑运行曲线和计量的能量负荷曲线相结合。该成本包括22千瓦BIPV和110千瓦时锂离子电池的资本成本，以及采用两种使用时间电价的电网电力成本-南威尔士(SW)使用时间电价和红色、琥珀和绿色(RAG)费率，以及由威尔士电网供应和在建建筑产生的电力的潜在碳成本。设计了四种蓄电池运行策略，并对蓄电池的充电状态和电流量进行了监测。分析了在不同情况下安装和不安装锂离子电池的BIPV单元。结果表明，在当前电力市场条件下，无锂电池的BIPV机组的投资可以在BIPV的生命周期内获得收益。然而，当前的锂离子电池存储不能补偿其资本成本，因为当电力被削减时，从BIPV系统获得的经济价值减少。尽管目前对现役建筑安装BIPV和电池的经济分析在目前的资本价格下并不令人信服，但这种结合可以使现役建筑独立于电网，并平衡电力需求和发电本身。分析将证明使这些运营效益具有成本效益所需的市场条件。
The concept of ‘Active Building’ refers to any building, such as factories, offices, homes, and other structures in the built environment, which are equipped to conserve, generate, store, and release energy in the UK. One such Active Building was built at Swansea University in the UK in 2018 and is currently used as a small office including well fare facilities. The objective of this study is to analyse the economic performance of an Active Building, incorporating building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) and lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries with real building operational profiles and metered energy load profiles. The cost covers the capital cost of 22 kWp BIPV and 110 kWh Li-ion battery, and electricity cost from the electric grid with two types of time of use electricity tariffs - South Wales (SW) time of use tariff and Red, Amber, and Green (RAG) rates, and the potential carbon cost of electricity supplied from the Wales electric grid and generated from the Active Building. Four battery operational strategies are designed, and battery status of charge and electricity flow are monitored. The analysis is undertaken on the BIPV units with or without Li-ion batteries under various scenarios. The results show that the investment of BIPV units without Li-ion batteries can make a profit within the lifetime of BIPV in the current electricity market. However, the current Li-ion battery storage does not compensate for its capital cost from the reduced economic value obtained from the BIPV system when the electricity is curtailed. Even though the current economic analysis of the Active Building installing BIPV and battery is not convincing at the current capital price, this combination can enable the Active Building to be independent of the electric grid and to balance electricity demand and generation itself. The analysis will demonstrate the market conditions required to make these operational benefits cost-effective.