The influence of artificial light at night and polarized light on bird-building collisions
The influence of artificial light at night and polarized light on bird-building collisions
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DOI：
10.1016/j.biocon.2019.108358
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发表时间：
2020-01-01
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
Loss, Scott R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lao, Sirena;Robertson, Bruce A.;Loss, Scott R.
在美国，每年与建筑物的碰撞导致多达10亿只鸟死亡。造鸟碰撞主要发生在玻璃表面：鸟类往往没有意识到玻璃是一种屏障，似乎被窗户发出的人造光所吸引。然而，人们对鸟类视觉的某些方面知之甚少，包括鸟类对不同类型的光的反应如何影响建筑物碰撞。一些证据表明，鸟类可以探测到偏振光，这可能是帮助迁徙方向和/或探测水体的线索。黑暗的、反射的表面，包括玻璃，反射高度偏振光，造成偏振光污染（PLP）。然而，目前还没有研究分析鸟类碰撞与建筑物反射的PLP之间的关系。此外，虽然夜间人造光（ALAN）经常被认为是影响造鸟碰撞的主要因素，但很少有研究分析这种关系。我们调查了两种类型的光污染- plp和alan -以及它们与美国明尼苏达州明尼阿波利斯市13座建筑物的48个立面的鸟类碰撞的关系。我们发现，玻璃发射ALAN的面积是影响碰撞的最重要因素，并且ALAN的影响与整个玻璃面积无关；这一结果为夜间关灯减少造鸟碰撞提供了强有力的支持。虽然我们没有发现PLP和碰撞之间的关系，但需要进一步的研究来更好地了解鸟类对偏振光的反应。充分了解光的不同方面如何影响鸟类建筑碰撞，可以为保护工作提供信息，以减少对鸟类的主要威胁。
Collisions with buildings annually kill up to 1 billion birds in the United States. Bird-building collisions primarily occur at glass surfaces: birds often fail to perceive glass as a barrier and appear to be attracted to artificial light emitted from windows. However, some aspects of avian vision are poorly understood, including how bird responses to different types of light influence building collisions. Some evidence suggests birds can detect polarized light, which may serve as a cue to assist with migration orientation and/or detect water bodies. Dark, reflective surfaces, including glass, reflect high degrees of polarized light, causing polarized light pollution (PLP). However, no studies have analyzed the relationship between bird collisions and PLP reflected from buildings. Additionally, while artificial light at night (ALAN) is frequently implicated as a major factor influencing bird-building collisions, few studies have analyzed this relationship. We investigated both types of light pollution-PLP and ALAN-and their association with bird collisions at 48 facades of 13 buildings in Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA. We found that the area of glass emitting ALAN was the most important factor influencing collisions, and that this effect of ALAN was independent of overall glass area; this result provides strong support for turning off lights at night to reduce bird-building collisions. Although we found no relationship between PLP and collisions, additional research is needed to better understand bird responses to polarized light. Fully understanding how different aspects of light influence bird-building collisions can inform conservation efforts to reduce this major threat to birds.