Hierarchical Prediction Errors in Midbrain and Basal Forebrain during Sensory Learning
Hierarchical Prediction Errors in Midbrain and Basal Forebrain during Sensory Learning
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DOI：
10.1016/j.neuron.2013.09.009
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发表时间：
2013-10-16
期刊：
影响因子：
16.2
通讯作者：
Stephan, Klaas E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Iglesias, Sandra;Mathys, Christoph;Stephan, Klaas E.
在贝叶斯脑理论中，层次相关的预测误差（PE）在预测感觉输入和推断其潜在原因方面发挥着核心作用，例如，环境的概率结构及其波动性。值得注意的是，在不同层次水平的PE可以由不同的神经调节递质编码。在这里，我们测试了这种可能性，在视听学习的计算功能磁共振成像研究。使用分层贝叶斯模型，我们发现，低水平的PE对视觉刺激的结果反映了广泛的活动，在视觉和超模态区，但也在中脑。与此相反，高水平的PE刺激概率编码的基底前脑。这些发现在两组健康志愿者中重复。虽然我们的功能性磁共振成像的措施并没有揭示确切的神经元类型激活中脑和基底前脑，他们建议神经调节系统之间的二分法，多巴胺低水平的PE有关的刺激结果和乙酰胆碱更抽象的PE有关的刺激概率。
In Bayesian brain theories, hierarchically related prediction errors (PEs) play a central role for predicting sensory inputs and inferring their underlying causes, e.g., the probabilistic structure of the environment and its volatility. Notably, PEs at different hierarchical levels may be encoded by different neuromodulatory transmitters. Here, we tested this possibility in computational fMRI studies of audio-visual learning. Using a hierarchical Bayesian model, we found that low-level PEs about visual stimulus outcome were reflected by widespread activity in visual and supra-modal areas but also in the midbrain. In contrast, high-level PEs about stimulus probabilities were encoded by the basal forebrain. These findings were replicated in two groups of healthy volunteers. While our fMRI measures do not reveal the exact neuron types activated in midbrain and basal forebrain, they suggest a dichotomy between neuromodulatory systems, linking dopamine to low-level PEs about stimulus outcome and acetylcholine to more abstract PEs about stimulus probabilities.