EFFECT OF RAPID COLD HARDENING ON REPRODUCTION AND SURVIVAL OF OFFSPRING IN THE HOUSEFLY MUSCA-DOMESTICA
EFFECT OF RAPID COLD HARDENING ON REPRODUCTION AND SURVIVAL OF OFFSPRING IN THE HOUSEFLY MUSCA-DOMESTICA
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DOI：
10.1016/0022-1910(92)90118-w
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发表时间：
1992-06-01
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
BALE, JS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
COULSON, SC;BALE, JS
家蝇的蛹（幼虫）显示出快速的冷硬化反应，其中从27 ℃转移到-7 ℃ 2小时是致命的，而先前在0 ℃下仅驯化3小时就足以赋予高水平的耐冷性，而随后暴露于-7 ℃ 2小时。当蛹在0 ℃下适应3小时（=适应）或在0 ℃下适应3小时，然后转移到-7 ℃下2小时（=冷休克）时，两组中出现的雌性的平均寿命比对照种群少5天。与驯化组和对照组相比，冷休克雌性的平均每日产卵量也减少了每天5个卵。较短的寿命和较低的每日产卵量的综合影响产生了显着减少，平均总繁殖力从623 +/- 73.6（对照）至345 +/- 54.9（冷休克）每雌鸡蛋。此外，从冷休克组产卵的苍蝇的平均每日羽化率比对照组低14.2%。在所有给药组中，在雌性亲本的生殖期内，卵活力降低。这些结果表明，快速冷硬化和冷休克暴露可以减少成虫寿命。然而，驯化反应确保了高比例的种群在短暂暴露于中等低温下的生存，否则这些种群会死亡，为种群在返回更有利的条件下增加提供了充分的基础。
Pupae (pharate adults) of the housefly Musca domestica show a rapid cold-hardening response in which transfer from 27 to -7-degrees-C for 2 h is lethal whereas prior acclimation at 0-degrees-C for only 3 h is sufficient to confer a high level of cold tolerance against subsequent exposure to -7-degrees-C for 2 h. When pupae were acclimated at 0-degrees-C for 3 h (= acclimated) or acclimated at 0-degrees-C for 3 h and then transferred to -7-degrees-C for 2 h (= cold shocked), the mean longevity of emerging females in both groups was 5 days less than in a control population. The mean daily oviposition of the cold-shocked females was also reduced by five eggs per day compared to the acclimated and control groups. The combined effects of a shorter life span and lower daily oviposition produced a significant reduction in mean total fecundity from 623 +/- 73.6 (control) to 345 +/- 54.9 (cold shocked) eggs per female. Additionally, the mean daily emergence of flies from eggs laid by the cold-shocked group was 14.2% lower than in the control. In all treatment groups egg viability decreased during the reproductive life of the female parent. These results suggest that rapid cold hardening and cold-shock exposure can reduce adult longevity. However, the acclimation response ensures survival in brief exposures to moderately low temperatures in a high proportion of the population that would otherwise die, providing an adequate base for population increase on return to more favourable conditions.