Dissecting the Anticipation of Aversion Reveals Dissociable Neural Networks
Dissecting the Anticipation of Aversion Reveals Dissociable Neural Networks
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DOI：
10.1093/cercor/bhs175
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发表时间：
2013-08-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Nitschke, Jack B.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Grupe, Daniel W.;Oathes, Desmond J.;Nitschke, Jack B.
对未来逆境的预期通过一系列准备机制赋予适应性益处，但这一过程在过度进行时也可能是有害的。神经科学研究在很大程度上把预期作为一个单一的过程，但我们在这里使用功能性磁共振成像显示，不同阶段的厌恶性预期是由可分离的神经机制支持。在与威胁检测和预测线索的早期处理相关的区域中观察到立即的预期反应，包括眶额皮质和前膝前扣带回皮质，以及焦虑症状升高的个体的杏仁核。在终纹的前脑/床核、前额叶、前中扣带皮层（aMCC）和中脑/导水管周围灰质（与焦虑、内感受和防御行为相关的区域）中观察到持续的预期活动。在持续的厌恶预期过程中，aMCC显示出与中脑的功能耦合增加，突出了一个对预备性恐惧反应表达至关重要的回路。这些数据暗示了在预期的不同时间阶段活跃的不同区域，并提供了对人类大脑如何适应和不适应未来的洞察。
The anticipation of future adversity confers adaptive benefits by engaging a suite of preparatory mechanisms, but this process can also be deleterious when carried out in excess. Neuroscientific investigations have largely treated anticipation as a unitary process, but we show here using functional magnetic resonance imaging that distinct stages of aversive anticipation are supported by dissociable neural mechanisms. Immediate anticipatory responses were observed in regions associated with threat detection and early processing of predictive cues, including the orbitofrontal cortex and pregenual anterior cingulate cortex, as well as the amygdala for individuals with elevated anxiety symptoms. Sustained anticipatory activity was observed in the forebrain/bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, anterior insula, anterior mid-cingulate cortex (aMCC), and midbrain/periaqueductal gray, regions associated with anxiety, interoception, and defensive behavior. The aMCC showed increased functional coupling with the midbrain during sustained anticipation of aversion, highlighting a circuit critical for the expression of preparatory fear responses. These data implicate distinct sets of regions that are active during different temporal stages of anticipation, and provide insight into how the human brain faces the future both adaptively and maladaptively.