ISOTOPE HYDROLOGY OF GROUNDWATERS IN THE PAMPA DEL TAMARUGAL, CHILE
ISOTOPE HYDROLOGY OF GROUNDWATERS IN THE PAMPA DEL TAMARUGAL, CHILE
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DOI：
10.1016/0022-1694(81)90043-3
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发表时间：
1981-01-01
影响因子：
6.4
通讯作者：
SALATI, E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
FRITZ, P;SUZUKI, O;SALATI, E
智利北方的水资源极为匮乏，发展受到限制。本文讨论了塔玛鲁加尔草原地下水的同位素水文学，该地区是一个极端干旱的地区（降雨量< 1毫米/年）。该地区的地下水资源为伊基克市以及工业和农业目的而开采。该项目的目的是获取关于现代补给的信息，并在可能的情况下描绘补给环境。为了获得必要的背景资料，在安第斯山脉高地进行了一次降水量调查，并进行了泉水和地表水研究。结果表明，在σ 2 H=（7.8 σ 18 O+ 10.3）%处存在一条明确的大气水线，高度效应取决于气团运动，如果没有更广泛的区域和详细的采样方案，就不能确定高度效应。然而，它仍然可以指定的最大高度补给泉水在安第斯山脉和东部边界的Pampa del Tamarugal。这些数据与地下水成分的比较表明，这些地下水来自渗入地表水，而不是直接渗入降水。个别地下水系统对特定的quebradas（河谷）的依赖是公认的。然而，低的14 C活动表明，今天抽取的大部分沃茨是化石，至少有几百年甚至几千年的历史。在安第斯山脉脚下，特别是在Pica，确实有少量地下水补给，因为那里有高海拔的沃茨流出，但即使在那里，地下水资源似乎也在减少。
The water resources in northern Chile are extremely scarce and development is limited by this. This paper discusses the isotope hydrology of groundwaters in the Pampa del Tamarugal—an area of extreme aridity (rainfall< 1 mm/yr.)—whose groundwater resources are mined for the town of Iquique, as well as for industrial and agricultural purposes. The aim of the project was to obtain information on modern recharge and to delineate, if possible recharge environments. To obtain the necessary background information a precipitation survey in the high Andes, as well as spring-and surface-water studies were carried out. The results show that a well-defined meteoric water line exists where σ 2 H=(7.8 σ 18 O+ 10.3)%, and altitude effects depend on air-mass movements and cannot be defined without a broader regional and detailed sampling programme. However, it is still possible to assign maximum altitudes of recharge to springs in the Andes and at the eastern border of the Pampa del Tamarugal. Comparison of these data with groundwater compositions show, that these groundwaters originate from infiltrating surface water rather than directly infiltrated precipitation. A dependence of individual groundwater systems on specific quebradas (river valleys) is recognized. However, low 14 C activities indicate that most of the waters pumped today are fossil and at least several hundreds if not thousands of years old. Some minor subsurface recharge does occur at the foot of the Andes, especially at Pica where high-altitude waters discharge, but even there groundwater appears to be a diminishing resource.