The impact of development assistance on social capital: evidence from Kenya
The impact of development assistance on social capital: evidence from Kenya
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发展援助对社会资本的影响：来自肯尼亚的证据
DOI：
10.1017/cbo9780511492600.009
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发表时间：
2002
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
M. Kremer
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mary Kay Gugerty;M. Kremer
大量文献表明，社会资本对发展很重要（见科尔曼，1990;普特南，1993;伍尔科克，1998等）。或许作为回应，许多捐助者正积极努力支持发展中国家民间社会和社会资本的发展。捐助者正在资助当地非政府组织，以允许参与的方式安排发展项目，并为社区团体和非政府组织提供组织培训。然而，这些建立社会资本的努力的有效性在很大程度上是未知的。虽然相当大的努力已经进入阐明社会资本的影响，社会资本的决定因素是不太好理解。社会资本是否完全由长期的历史、文化和经济力量决定？或者，短期内它会受到政策的影响吗？如果是，如何？对普特南关于意大利（1993）的研究的一种阅读是，社会资本是长期制度发展的结果，可能很难产生。其他文献表明，组织的社会资本可能会被经济结构调整侵蚀（Heying 1997; Schulman and安德森1998），也可能通过国家组织（Minkoff 1997）或面对面互动中的社区组织（Wood 1997）在相对较短的时间内产生。许多社会资本研究中的一个问题是很难从回顾性数据的相关性中推断出因果关系。
A large body of literature suggests that social capital is important for development (see Coleman 1990; Putnam 1993; Woolcock 1998, among others). Perhaps in response, many donors are actively trying to support the development of civil society and social capital in developing countries. Donors are funding local NGOs, structuring development projects in ways that allow for participation, and providing organizational training for community groups and NGOs. Yet the effectiveness of these efforts to build social capital is largely unknown. While considerable effort has gone into elucidating the effects of social capital, the determinants of social capital are less well understood. Is social capital determined exclusively by long-run historical, cultural, and economic forces? Or can it be influenced in the short run by policy? If so, how? One reading of Putnam's work on Italy (1993) is that social capital is the result of long-term institutional development and may be very difficult to produce. Other literature suggests that organizational social capital can be eroded by economic restructuring (Heying 1997; Schulman and Anderson 1998) and may also be created in a relatively short period through either national organizations (Minkoff 1997) or community organizing in face-to-face interactions (Wood 1997). One problem plaguing many studies of social capital is the difficulty of inferring causation from correlation in retrospective data.