Ethnic differences in the nutrient intake adequacy of premenopausal US women: Results from the Third National Health Examination Survey
Ethnic differences in the nutrient intake adequacy of premenopausal US women: Results from the Third National Health Examination Survey
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DOI：
10.1016/s0002-8223(03)00474-7
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发表时间：
2003-08-01
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Gaudet, MM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Arab, L;Carriquiry, A;Gaudet, MM
目的探讨膳食中钙、叶酸、维生素C、维生素E的摄入量。维生素C、D、E、B-6，在第三次全国健康与营养调查中，对24小时内的单次和两次召回进行分析，以确定膳食摄入量。从1988年至1994年期间，从美国各地随机选择5名年龄在20至50岁之间的未怀孕或哺乳期妇女进行检查。统计分析使用爱荷华州州立大学的方法对分布进行调整，估计膳食营养素摄入量分布。估计的平均需求截点法被用来确定妇女的比例与摄入不足的每种营养素在each ethnic group.Results超过75%的妇女不分种族通常摄入量的钙低于新的充足摄入量。超过90%的妇女仅从食物来源摄入叶酸和维生素E不足。超过一半的吸烟者维生素C摄入不足。维生素B-6和B-12的摄入量低于10%，这些women.Applications/Conclusions本文提供的证据表明，高比例的绝经前美国妇女是各种营养素摄入不足。目前仅靠膳食摄入量还不足以满足新的推荐摄入量。营养补充剂的使用是广泛和有效的，但并没有消除对高危人群的担忧。认识到维生素E和叶酸的摄入量普遍不足，许多妇女维生素C也是如此，可以帮助指导个人饮食建议，并将重点放在广泛关注的营养素的团体咨询上。此外，在美国的非洲裔美国妇女中，应强调富含维生素B-6和具有一般营养益处的食物，因为这一群体中有相当大的比例仍然显示食物摄入不足。
Objective To examine the adequacy of dietary intake of calcium; folate; and vitamins C, D, E, B-6, and B-12 in premenopausal US women of differing ethnicity.Design Analyses of single and duplicate 24-hour recalls were conducted to determine dietary intake during the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.Subjects Three thousand five hundred eighty-five randomly selected women aged 20 to 50 years from across the United States who were not pregnant or lactating were examined between 1988 and 1994.Statistical analyses Usual nutrient intake distributions were estimated using the Iowa State University method for adjustment of the distribution. The Estimated Average Requirement cut-point method was used to determine the proportion of women with inadequate intake for each nutrient in each ethnic group.Results More than 75% of women irrespective of ethnic group had usual intakes of calcium lower than the new Adequate Intake. More than 90% of the women had inadequate intakes of folate and vitamin E from food sources alone. More than half of smokers had inadequate intakes of vitamin C. Intakes of vitamins B-6 and B-12 were low in less than 10% of these women.Applications/Conclusions This article provides evidence that a high proportion of premenopausal US-women are underconsuming a variety of nutrients. Dietary intakes alone are not currently adequate to meet the new recommended intakes. Nutritional supplement use is widespread and effective, but does not eliminate the concerns for at-risk populations. Awareness of the general inadequacies in intakes of vitamin E and folic acid at large, and in many women vitamin C as well, can help direct individual dietary recommendations, and place the emphasis in group counseling on nutrients that are of widespread concern. In addition, foods rich in vitamins B-6 and of general nutritional benefit should be emphasized among African American women in the United States as a substantial proportion of this group is still showing inadequate intakes from foods.