Reproductive strategies of benthic invertebrates in the Kara Sea (Russian Arctic): adaptation of reproduction modes to cold water
Reproductive strategies of benthic invertebrates in the Kara Sea (Russian Arctic): adaptation of reproduction modes to cold water
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DOI：
10.3354/meps07271
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发表时间：
2008-01-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Arntz, Wolf E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fetzer, Ingo;Arntz, Wolf E.
大西洋沿岸地区的许多底栖无脊椎动物通过浮游幼虫繁殖。过去在极地地区的调查表明，缺乏远洋阶段的物种占更大的优势。本文对喀拉海主要88种鱼类的繁殖策略进行了研究。实地观察补充了文献研究（繁殖期和战略，地理关系）。已鉴定出44种半裂叶植物的幼虫，但该地区仅发现其中23种的成虫。对于其他21个幼虫类型，成年人不存在于喀拉海，但以前曾在邻近的巴伦支海记录。因此，幼虫运输过程对物种输入该区域具有潜在的重要性。温带物种数量多是常见现象，对该区域的总体繁殖模式有很大影响。喀拉海南部主要由两类动物主宰：移动的甲壳类动物，它们是专性的非远洋开发者;非移动生物，主要是远洋繁殖模式。我们建议，繁殖模式受到强烈影响的高度可变的环境条件的喀拉海，通过冰冲刷和高输入的淡水从2个相邻的河流，定期导致本地枯竭的底栖物种。温暖的淡水从河流的输入，提高了生存的物种与北方地理分布，这也有助于大量的物种与远洋发展，被发现。总体而言，底栖无脊椎动物在喀拉海的繁殖模式，因此强烈受当地的环境条件的特点，该地区。
Many benthic invertebrates in the boreo-Atlantic region reproduce via pelagic larvae. Past investigations in polar areas suggested a greater predominance of species lacking a pelagic phase. In this study, the reproduction strategies of the main 88 species of the Kara Sea were investigated. Field observations were supplemented by literature studies (reproduction period and strategy, biogeographical affiliation). Larvae of 44 meroplanktonic species were identified, but adult forms of only 23 of these species are known from the region. For the other 21 larval types, adults were not present in the Kara Sea but have previously been recorded in the adjacent Barents Sea. Larval transport processes are thus potentially important for the import of species into the region. High numbers of species of temperate origin were common, and had a strong influence on the overall reproduction patterns of the region. The southern Kara Sea was mainly dominated by 2 groups: highly mobile crustaceans, which are obligate non-pelagic developers, and non-motile organisms with primarily pelagic reproduction modes. We propose that reproduction patterns are strongly influenced by the highly variable environmental conditions of the Kara Sea which, via ice-scouring and the high input of freshwater from the 2 adjacent rivers, regularly lead to a local depletion of the benthic species. The input of warm freshwater from the rivers enhances the survival of species with a boreal biogeographical distribution, which additionally contributes to the high number of species with pelagic development that were found. Overall, the reproduction modes of benthic invertebrates in the Kara Sea are thus strongly governed by the local environmental conditions characteristic of the region.