Performance of new 8-inch photomultiplier tube used for the Tibet muon-detector array
Performance of new 8-inch photomultiplier tube used for the Tibet muon-detector array
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DOI：
10.1088/1748-0221/11/06/p06016
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发表时间：
2016-02
影响因子：
1.3
通讯作者：
Yizhe Zhang;J. Huang;D. Chen;L. Zhai;Xinfa Chen;Xiao-Bin Hu;Y.H. Lin;H. Jin;X.-Y. Zhang;C. Feng;H. Jia;X. Zhou;D. Danzengluobu;T. Chen;Labaciren Labaciren-Labaciren;M. Liu;Q. Gao;Zhaxiciren Zhaxiciren-Zhaxiciren
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Yizhe Zhang;J. Huang;D. Chen;L. Zhai;Xinfa Chen;Xiao-Bin Hu;Y.H. Lin;H. Jin;X.-Y. Zhang;C. Feng;H. Jia;X. Zhou;D. Danzengluobu;T. Chen;Labaciren Labaciren-Labaciren;M. Liu;Q. Gao;Zhaxiciren Zhaxiciren-Zhaxiciren
自2014年以来，由高能空气簇射芯阵列（YAC-II），高密度空气簇射阵列（Tibet-III）和大型地下水-切伦科夫μ子探测器阵列（MD）组成的新混合实验由西藏ASγ合作组继续进行，以测量包括“膝盖”在内的宽能量范围内宇宙线的化学成分。在这个实验中，YAC-II被用来选择由宇宙线在上述能量范围内引起的高能核心事件，而MD被用来通过测量空气簇射中包含的μ子数量来估计初级粒子的核类型。然而，每个MD电池的动态范围仅为5至2000个光电子（PE），其主要设计用于观测高能天体伽马射线。为了获得能量高达1016 eV的初级质子、氦和铁的光谱以及它们的"膝“位置，根据Monte Carlo模拟，需要配备到MD池的每个PMT测量能够覆盖100-106 PE的宽动态范围的光子数。本文首先比较了日本滨松公司生产的R5912-PMT和北京滨松公司生产的CR 365-PMT的特性。如果不存在严重的差异，我们将在每个MD单元中添加两个直径为8英寸的PMT以满足我们的要求，它们分别负责100-10000个PE和2000-1000000个PE的范围。也就是说，MD单元预期能够测量超过6个数量级的μ子的数量。
Since 2014, a new hybrid experiment consisting of a high-energy air-shower-core array (YAC-II), a high-density air-shower array (Tibet-III) and a large underground water-Cherenkov muon-detector array (MD) has been continued by the Tibet ASγ collaboration to measure the chemical composition of cosmic rays in the wide energy range including the ``knee''. In this experiment, YAC-II is used to select high energy core events induced by cosmic rays in the above energy region, while MD is used to estimate the type of nucleus of primary particles by measuring the number of muons contained in the air showers. However, the dynamic range of each MD cell is only 5 to 2000 photoelectrons (PEs) which is mainly designed for observation of high-energy celestial gamma rays. In order to obtain the primary proton, helium and iron spectra and their ``knee'' positions with energy up to 1016 eV, each of PMTs equipped to the MD cell is required to measure the number of photons capable of covering a wide dynamic range of 100–106 PEs according to Monte Carlo simulations. In this paper, we firstly compare the characteristic features between R5912-PMT made by Japan Hamamatsu and CR365-PMT made by Beijing Hamamatsu. If there exists no serious difference, we will then add two 8-inch-in-diameter PMTs to meet our requirements in each MD cell, which are responsible for the range of 100–10000 PEs and 2000–1000000 PEs, respectively. That is, MD cell is expected to be able to measure the number of muons over 6 orders of magnitudes.