Plant-Microbial Symbioses in Coastal Systems: Their Ecological Importance and Role in Coastal Restoration
Plant-Microbial Symbioses in Coastal Systems: Their Ecological Importance and Role in Coastal Restoration
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DOI：
10.1007/s12237-022-01052-2
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发表时间：
2022-03-30
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Smith，McKenzie K. H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Farrer，Emily C.;Van Bael，Sunshine A.;Smith，McKenzie K. H.
海岸系统对人类来说非常宝贵。它们拥有独特的生态系统，是生物多样性的储存库，提供关键的生态系统服务以及丰富的文化遗产。尽管它们对人类很重要，但许多沿海系统正在退化，威胁到它们的完整性和提供的服务。虽然对沿海地区的植物群落和相关野生动物了解很多，但微生物的重要性代表了一个巨大的知识缺口。在这里，我们回顾了沿海系统中的植物-微生物共生生态学，包括真菌，固氮菌，内生菌，根际微生物和病原体。我们专注于四个常见的沿海社区：沙丘，沼泽，红树林和森林/灌木丛。我们还评估了最近的研究和利用微生物在沿海恢复工作，以减轻人为影响的潜力。我们发现，微生物共生体是主要负责的健康的植物构成的基础，沿海社区通过影响植物的建立，生长，竞争能力，和胁迫耐受性，以及调制在这些紧张的沿海系统的生态地球化学循环。目前使用微生物共生体来增强恢复压力和退化的海岸系统仍然处于起步阶段，但是，它具有很大的希望，增加恢复成功的海岸。仍然需要进行大量的研究来测试和开发微生物接种物，以促进不同沿海系统的恢复。这是一个很好的机会，恢复从业者和微生物生态学家之间的合作，努力实现一个共同的目标，提高我们的沿海生态系统的恢复力，在这些系统容易受到越来越多的威胁。
Coastal systems are immensely valuable to humans. They contain unique ecosystems that are biodiversity reservoirs and provide key ecosystem services as well as a wealth of cultural heritage. Despite their importance to humans, many coastal systems are experiencing degradation that threatens their integrity and provisioning of services. While much is known about the plant communities and associated wildlife in coastal areas, the importance of microorganisms represents a large knowledge gap. Here we review the ecology of plant-microbial symbioses in coastal systems, including mycorrhizae, nitrogen fixers, endophytes, rhizosphere microbes, and pathogens. We focus on four common coastal communities: sand dunes, marshes, mangroves, and forests/shrublands. We also assess recent research and the potential for using microbes in coastal restoration efforts to mitigate anthropogenic impacts. We find that microbial symbionts are largely responsible for the health of plants constituting the foundation of coastal communities by affecting plant establishment, growth, competitive ability, and stress tolerance, as well as modulating biogeochemical cycling in these stressful coastal systems. Current use of microbial symbionts to augment restoration of stressful and degraded coastal systems is still very much in its infancy; however, it holds great promise for increasing restoration success on the coast. Much research is still needed to test and develop microbial inocula for facilitating restoration of different coastal systems. This is an excellent opportunity for collaboration between restoration practitioners and microbial ecologists to work toward a common goal of enhancing resilience of our coastal ecosystems at a time when these systems are vulnerable to an increasing number of threats.