T Follicular Helper Cells and B Cell Dysfunction in Aging and HIV-1 Infection.
T Follicular Helper Cells and B Cell Dysfunction in Aging and HIV-1 Infection.
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DOI：
10.3389/fimmu.2017.01380
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
7.3
通讯作者：
Pahwa S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Pallikkuth S;de Armas L;Rinaldi S;Pahwa S
滤泡辅助 T (Tfh) 细胞是 CD4 T 细胞的一个子集，为生发中心中抗原引发的 B 细胞提供关键信号，使其经历增殖、同种型转换和体细胞超突变，从而在免疫反应过程中产生长寿的浆细胞和记忆 B 细胞。因此，必须严格控制 Tfh 细胞的数量和质量，以防止自身免疫形式的免疫功能障碍，以及免疫缺陷。 Tfh 和 B 细胞扰动都会在 HIV 感染期间出现，导致抗体对季节性三价流感疫苗等疫苗的反应受损，这也见于生物衰老。尽管许多与 HIV 相关的缺陷可通过抗逆转录病毒治疗 (ART) 得到改善，但在接受 ART 治疗的病毒学控制的 HIV 感染者中，过度的免疫激活和抗原特异性 B 细胞和 T 细胞反应（包括 Tfh 功能）仍然受到损害。有趣的是，艾滋病毒感染者患与年龄相关疾病的风险增加。这篇综述将讨论 HIV 感染中的 Tfh 和 B 细胞功能障碍，并强调慢性 HIV 感染和衰老对 Tfh-B 细胞相互作用的影响。
T follicular helper (Tfh) cells are a subset of CD4 T cells that provide critical signals to antigen-primed B cells in germinal centers to undergo proliferation, isotype switching, and somatic hypermutation to generate long-lived plasma cells and memory B cells during an immune response. The quantity and quality of Tfh cells therefore must be tightly controlled to prevent immune dysfunction in the form of autoimmunity and, on the other hand, immune deficiency. Both Tfh and B cell perturbations appear during HIV infection resulting in impaired antibody responses to vaccines such as seasonal trivalent influenza vaccine, also seen in biologic aging. Although many of the HIV-associated defects improve with antiretroviral therapy (ART), excess immune activation and antigen-specific B and T cell responses including Tfh function are still impaired in virologically controlled HIV-infected persons on ART. Interestingly, HIV infected individuals experience increased risk of age-associated pathologies. This review will discuss Tfh and B cell dysfunction in HIV infection and highlight the impact of chronic HIV infection and aging on Tfh–B cell interactions.