Multi-Isotope Geochemical Baseline Study of the Carbon Management Canada Research Institutes CCS Field Research Station (Alberta, Canada), Prior to CO2 Injection
Multi-Isotope Geochemical Baseline Study of the Carbon Management Canada Research Institutes CCS Field Research Station (Alberta, Canada), Prior to CO2 Injection
复制标题
DOI：
10.3389/esss.2023.10069
复制
发表时间：
2023-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
R. Utley;Emma Martin-Roberts;N. Utting;G. Johnson;D. Györe;M. Żurakowska;F. Stuart;A. Boyce;T. Darrah;P. Gulliver;R. Haszeldine;D. Lawton;S. Gilfillan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
R. Utley;Emma Martin-Roberts;N. Utting;G. Johnson;D. Györe;M. Żurakowska;F. Stuart;A. Boyce;T. Darrah;P. Gulliver;R. Haszeldine;D. Lawton;S. Gilfillan
碳捕获和储存（CCS）是一种工业规模的减缓战略，用于减少人为CO2进入大气层。然而，对于常规部署的CCS，关键是可以验证储存的CO2的安全性，并且可以识别从储存地点的计划外迁移。为此目的开发了一些地球化学监测工具，然而，其有效性主要取决于在注入CO2之前建立的可靠的地球化学基线。在这里，我们提出了第一个多井气体和地下水的地球化学基线表征在碳管理加拿大研究所实地研究站。我们发现，所有的气体表现出CO2浓度低于1%，这意味着散装气体监测可能是一个有效的第一步，以确定CO2迁移。然而，我们也发现，主要是生物甲烷（约90%-99%）是普遍存在于地下水和气体的浅层继承，其中包含许多煤层。因此，任何向上迁移的CO2都可能被煤层吸收，取代CH 4。重要的是，所有气体样品中的4 He浓度位于大气和油气井中的4 He浓度升高之间的混合线上，该油气井是从位于现场研究站（FRS）下方的储层采样的，这意味着4 He在现场的扩散或平流地壳通量。相比之下，在该网站的浅层地下水中测得的4 He浓度要低得多，可以解释为从系统或在原位生产的放射性衰变的U和Th的寄主岩石内产生的气体损失。此外，注入的CO2是低的He，Ne和Ar的浓度，但在84氪和132氪相对于36 Ar富集，突出了固有的惰性气体同位素指纹可以有效地作为一个独特的地球化学示踪剂注入CO2在FRS。
Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is an industrial scale mitigation strategy for reducing anthropogenic CO2 from entering the atmosphere. However, for CCS to be routinely deployed, it is critical that the security of the stored CO2 can be verified and that unplanned migration from a storage site can be identified. A number of geochemical monitoring tools have been developed for this purpose, however, their effectiveness critically depends on robust geochemical baselines being established prior to CO2 injection. Here we present the first multi-well gas and groundwater characterisation of the geochemical baseline at the Carbon Management Canada Research Institutes Field Research Station. We find that all gases exhibit CO2 concentrations that are below 1%, implying that bulk gas monitoring may be an effective first step to identify CO2 migration. However, we also find that predominantly biogenic CH4 (∼90%–99%) is pervasive in both groundwater and gases within the shallow succession, which contain numerous coal seams. Hence, it is probable that any upwardly migrating CO2 could be absorbed onto the coal seams, displacing CH4. Importantly, 4He concentrations in all gas samples lie on a mixing line between the atmosphere and the elevated 4He concentration present in a hydrocarbon well sampled from a reservoir located below the Field Research Station (FRS) implying a diffusive or advective crustal flux of 4He at the site. In contrast, the measured 4He concentrations in shallow groundwaters at the site are much lower and may be explained by gas loss from the system or in situ production generated by radioactive decay of U and Th within the host rocks. Additionally, the injected CO2 is low in He, Ne and Ar concentrations, yet enriched in 84Kr and 132Xe relative to 36Ar, highlighting that inherent noble gas isotopic fingerprints could be effective as a distinct geochemical tracer of injected CO2 at the FRS.