Allee effect in the selection for prime-numbered cycles in periodical cicadas
Allee effect in the selection for prime-numbered cycles in periodical cicadas
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0900215106
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发表时间：
2009-06-02
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Tainaka, Kei-ichi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Tanaka, Yumi;Yoshimura, Jin;Tainaka, Kei-ichi
周期蝉以其质数生命周期(17年和13年)和大规模周期出现而闻名。素数周期的起源和持续可以用杂交假说来解释，因为它们与其他周期杂交的可能性较低。最近，我们通过使用一个基于整数的数值模型表明，质数周期确实是在10到20年的周期中被选择的。在这里，我们发展了一个基于实数的模型来研究影响素数圈选择的因素。我们在我们的模型中考虑了Allee效应，从而将临界种群规模设置为灭绝阈值。我们比较了有和没有Allee效应的实数模型。结果表明，在Allee效应存在的情况下，素数生命周期最有可能持续存在，并在大范围的灭绝阈值下被选择。
Periodical cicadas are well known for their prime-numbered life cycles (17 and 13 years) and their mass periodical emergences. The origination and persistence of prime-numbered cycles are explained by the hybridization hypothesis on the basis of their lower likelihood of hybridization with other cycles. Recently, we showed by using an integer-based numerical model that prime-numbered cycles are indeed selected for among 10- to 20-year cycles. Here, we develop a real-number-based model to investigate the factors affecting the selection of prime-numbered cycles. We include an Allee effect in our model, such that a critical population size is set as an extinction threshold. We compare the real-number models with and without the Allee effect. The results show that in the presence of an Allee effect, prime-numbered life cycles are most likely to persist and to be selected under a wide range of extinction thresholds.