Characteristics of the beatboxing vocal style
Characteristics of the beatboxing vocal style
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Beatboxing 声音风格的特点
DOI：
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发表时间：
2008
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Mark D. Plumbley
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
D. Stowell;Mark D. Plumbley
Beatboxing是起源于20世纪80年代嘻哈音乐的一种声乐打击乐传统，与嘻哈文化有着密切的联系。它涉及对鼓机以及鼓和其他打击乐器的声音模仿，通常还同时模仿旋律，旋律和人声，以创造复调音乐的错觉。可以进行卡佩拉或扩增。在这份报告中，我们描述了一些特征的beatboxing声乐表演风格，相关的音乐信号处理和相关领域。特别是我们专注于beatboxing不同于其他声乐风格或口语的方面。Beatboxing在学术界之外发展得很好，与大学和音乐学院通常研究的声乐风格不同，因此（据我们所知）关于这个主题的学术工作很少，无论是它的历史还是它目前的实践。Beatboxing在嘻哈运动的流行历史中被提及，尽管很少详细。一篇本科论文着眼于一些beatboxing声音的语音方面[Lederer，2005]。一些技术工作的灵感来自于beatboxing来创造（例如）。语音控制的击鼓机[Hazan，2005 a，B，Kapur等人，2004年，Sinyor等人，2005年]，尽管这些作者没有明确说明他们的作品是否是在与练习口技者接触的情况下开发的。在下文中，我们描述了与更好地记录的传统，如流行演唱[索托-莫雷蒂尼，2006]或古典演唱[马布里，2002]相比，口技的特点。由于文献相对稀缺，许多观察来自第一作者的经验和观察：无论是作为英国和在线beatboxing社区的参与者，还是作为第一作者博士研究的一部分，在涉及beatboxers的用户研究期间。我们以叙事的方式以及国际音标（IPA）记谱法（International Phonetic Association，1999）（另见[福井，2003]）描述某些声音，这些声音将由斜线//区分。IPA表示法可能是近似的，因为这种表示法并不容易适应我们讨论的非语言和“扩展技术”的声音。
Beatboxing is a tradition of vocal percussion which originates in 1980s hip-hop, and is closely connected with hip-hop culture. It involves the vocal imitation of drum machines as well as drums and other percussion, and typically also the simultaneous imitation of basslines, melodies, and vocals, to create an illusion of polyphonic music. It may be performed a capella or with amplification. In this report we describe some characteristics of the beatboxing vocal performance style, as relevant for music signal processing and related fields. In particular we focus on aspects of beatboxing which are different from other vocal styles or from spoken language. Beatboxing developed well outside academia, and separate from the vocal styles commonly studied by universities and conservatories, and so there is (to our knowledge) very little scholarly work on the topic, either its history or its current practice. Beatboxing is mentioned in popular histories of the hip-hop movement, although rarely in detail. An undergraduate thesis looks at phonetic aspects of some beatboxing sounds [Lederer, 2005]. Some technical work is inspired by beatboxing to create (e.g.) a voice-controlled drum-machine [Hazan, 2005a,b, Kapur et al., 2004, Sinyor et al., 2005], although these authors don’t make explicit whether their work has been developed in contact with practising beatboxers. In the following we describe characteristics of beatboxing as contrasted against better-documented traditions such as popular singing [Soto-Morettini, 2006] or classical singing [Mabry, 2002]. Because of the relative scarcity of literature, many of the observations come from the first author’s experiences and observations: both as a participant in beatboxing communities in the UK and online, and during user studies involving beatboxers as part of the first author’s PhD study. We describe certain sounds narratively as well as in International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) notation [International Phonetic Association, 1999] (see also [Fukui, 2003]), which will be demarcated by slashes // . The IPA representation may be approximate, since the notation is not designed to accommodate easily the non-linguistic and “extended technique” sounds we discuss.