Climate change underlies global demographic, genetic, and cultural transitions in pre-Columbian southern Peru
Climate change underlies global demographic, genetic, and cultural transitions in pre-Columbian southern Peru
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1403466111
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发表时间：
2014-07-01
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Reindel, Markus
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Fehren-Schmitz, Lars;Haak, Wolfgang;Reindel, Markus
在中部安第斯山脉进行的几项考古研究指出，在整个前哥伦布时期，气候波动（长期和短期）与文化过渡和社会经济结构变化的时间巧合。虽然大多数学者解释环境和文化变化之间的联系的影响，气候变化的生态系统的能力居住的前哥伦布文化，直接证据假设的人口后果是失踪到目前为止。在这项研究中，我们直接解决气候变化对中央安第斯山脉的空间种群动态的影响。我们使用了一个大的数据集前哥伦布时期的线粒体DNA序列从北方格兰德河纳斯卡流域（RGND）在南部秘鲁，从公元前840年到公元1450年。替代人口的情况下进行测试，使用贝叶斯串行聚结模拟近似贝叶斯计算框架。我们的研究结果表明，从较低的沿海山谷南部秘鲁到安第斯高地的移民与气候变化增加一致，在年底的纳斯卡文化在类似的公元640。我们还发现支持从高原到海岸的移民与干旱在东南部安第斯高原和改善气候条件的海岸后，下降的瓦里和Tiwanaku帝国（类似于公元1200年），导致遗传同质化的RGND和可能南部秘鲁作为一个整体。
Several archaeological studies in the Central Andes have pointed at the temporal coincidence of climatic fluctuations (both long- and short-term) and episodes of cultural transition and changes of socioeconomic structures throughout the pre-Columbian period. Although most scholars explain the connection between environmental and cultural changes by the impact of climatic alterations on the capacities of the ecosystems inhabited by pre-Columbian cultures, direct evidence for assumed demographic consequences is missing so far. In this study, we address directly the impact of climatic changes on the spatial population dynamics of the Central Andes. We use a large dataset of pre-Columbian mitochondrial DNA sequences from the northern Rio Grande de Nasca drainage (RGND) in southern Peru, dating from similar to 840 BC to 1450 AD. Alternative demographic scenarios are tested using Bayesian serial coalescent simulations in an approximate Bayesian computational framework. Our results indicate migrations from the lower coastal valleys of southern Peru into the Andean highlands coincident with increasing climate variability at the end of the Nasca culture at similar to 640 AD. We also find support for a back-migration from the highlands to the coast coincident with droughts in the southeastern Andean highlands and improvement of climatic conditions on the coast after the decline of the Wari and Tiwanaku empires (similar to 1200 AD), leading to a genetic homogenization in the RGND and probably southern Peru as a whole.