PEPTIDE ANTIBIOTICS
PEPTIDE ANTIBIOTICS
复制标题
DOI：
10.1126/science.163.3865.352
复制
发表时间：
1969-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
56.9
通讯作者：
PERLMAN, D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
BODANSZKY, M;PERLMAN, D
肽类抗生素在抗生素时代早期（1928-1968年）所起的主导作用往往不被医生、化学家和微生物学家所认识，他们只是相对最近才对抗生素产生兴趣。几乎所有早期研究的抗生素都被证明是肽类：青霉素、胶毒毒素、短杆菌肽、短杆菌肽A和放线菌素。事实上，许多用于抗生素研究的技术部分是在这些肽类抗生素的研究过程中发展起来的：（i）用拥挤平板法分离产抗生素的微生物;（ii）试管稀释和琼脂扩散生物测定;（iii）控制小鼠实验感染;（iv）生产抗生素的浸没培养法;（v）分析抗生素混合物的逆流分布法;（v）抗生素混合物的分离方法。（vi）滤纸层析分离技术;（vii）肽结构和合成的测定方法.尽管在过去20年中不断寻找新的抗微生物剂，但只有有限数量的肽抗生素被发现在临床上用于化学治疗目的和在农业上作为动物饲料补充剂具有实用价值;青霉素G（图1）、头孢菌素C（图2）、杆菌肽A（图3）、短杆菌肽A（图4）和多粘菌素B（图5）是其中最值得注意的。肽类抗生素的结构被完全阐明的比较少，而通过合成或其它方法如X射线晶体学证明的就更少了。然而，有足够的信息可以形成
The dominant role played by peptide antibiotics in the early part of the antibiotic era (1928-1968) is often un-appreciated by physicians, chemists, and microbiologists who have only comparatively recently become interested in antibiotics. Nearly all of the early anti-biotics studied have turned out to be peptides: penicillin; gliotoxin; tyro-thricin, tyrocidine, and gramicidin A; and actinomycin. Indeed, many of the techniques used in the study of antibiotics were in part developed in the course of examination of these peptide antibiotics:(i) isolation of antibiotic-producing microorganisms by the crowded-plate method;(ii) the tube dilution and agar-diffusion bioassays;(iii) the controlled experimental infec-tions in mice;(iv) the submerged culture method for producing antibiotics;(v) the counter-current distribution method for analysis of antibiotic mixtures;(vi) filter paper chromatographic separation techniques; and (vii) methods of deter-mination of peptide structure and syn-thesis.Despite the continued search during the past 20 years for new antimicrobial agents, only a limited number of peptide antibiotics were found to be of practical value for use in the clinic for chemo-therapeutic purposes and in agriculture as animal feed supplements; penicillin G (Fig. 1), cephalosporin C (Fig. 2), bacitracin A (Fig. 3), gramicidin A (Fig. 4), and polymyxin B (Fig. 5) are the most noteworthy among these. Comparatively few structures of pep-tide antibiotics have been fully eluci-dated and even fewer proved by syn-thesis or other methods such as x-ray crystallography. Nevertheless, there is sufficient information available to form