Assessment of the effect of thinning on the resistance of Pinus thunbergii Parlat. trees in mature coastal forests to tsunami fluid forces
Assessment of the effect of thinning on the resistance of Pinus thunbergii Parlat. trees in mature coastal forests to tsunami fluid forces
复制标题
间伐对黑松抗性影响的评估。
DOI：
10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.111969
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
8.7
通讯作者：
Yasutaka Nakata
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hiroyuki Torita;Kazuhiko Masaka;NorioTanaka;Kenta Iwasaki;Satosi Hasui;Masato Hayamizu;Yasutaka Nakata
2011年3月11日发生在太平洋的地震引发的东日本大海啸造成了巨大的人员伤亡和社会经济损失。由于灾区的恢复需要相当长的时间，必须为今后的事件预先准备好所有可能的减灾措施。作为一种海啸对策，沿海森林已被公认为可大大减少海啸能量和减少海啸造成的损失。在东日本大海啸中，许多沿海森林的树木因树干断裂和倾覆而受损。洪水将瓦砾冲到陆地和海洋，进一步破坏了基础设施。为了更好地保护沿海地区免受海啸的二次影响，减少海啸能量，沿海森林必须表现出更高的抵抗力。本研究调查了森林管理的效果，通过应用不同程度的间伐树木作为一种手段，以抵御海啸事件下的树木损害。1999年10月，在沿海黑松成熟林中设置了不同间伐强度的研究样地。作为一个有用的指标，沿海森林的抵抗海啸，阈值海啸速度在这些研究小区的树木开始被摧毁使用的机械模型计算。结果表明，树干直径是增加海啸阻力的最重要参数。对直径生长的广义线性模型的分析表明，重度间伐对直径生长的促进作用最大。因此，大量间伐是提高树木抗海啸能力的最有效方法。考虑到抗海啸能力与淹没深度的关系，所有样地的抗海啸能力均随淹没深度的增加而迅速下降。当淹没深度超过平均树高时，在所有的地块上都没有观察到海啸阻力的差异。
The Great East Japan Tsunami, triggered by the earthquake that occurred on March 11, 2011 in the Pacific Ocean, caused significant fatalities and socioeconomic damage. As recovery of a disaster area requires significant time, all possible mitigation measures must be prepared in advance for future events. As a tsunami countermeasure, coastal forests have been acknowledged to considerably reduce tsunami energy and decrease tsunami-related damage. In the Great East Japan tsunami, many trees of coastal forests were damaged by trunk breakage and overturning. This led to further infrastructural damage as the debris were transported landward and seaward by floodwaters. To better protect coastal areas from the secondary effects of tsunamis and reduce tsunami energy, coastal forests must exhibit higher resistance. This research investigated the effect of forestry management by applying different levels of thinning of trees as a means of resistance to tree damage under tsunami events. In October of 1999, study plots were established with different thinning intensities in a mature coastal forest ofPinus thunbergiitrees. As a useful indicator of the resistance of coastal forests to tsunamis, the threshold tsunami velocities at which trees in these study plots begin to be destroyed were calculated using a mechanistic model. The results revealed that trunk diameter is the most important parameter for increasing resistance to tsunamis. An analysis of the generalized linear model for diameter growth showed that heavy thinning best enhanced the diameter growth. Therefore, heavy thinning is the most effective approach to increasing the resistance of trees to tsunamis. Considering the relationship between resistance to tsunami and inundation depth, the resistance to tsunami decreased rapidly with increasing inundation depth in all plots. Differences in the resistance to the tsunami were not observed across all plots when the inundation depth exceeded the mean tree height.