Linking forests and people: a potential for sustainable development of the southwest Ethiopian highlands
Linking forests and people: a potential for sustainable development of the southwest Ethiopian highlands
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连接森林和人类：埃塞俄比亚西南部高地可持续发展的潜力
DOI：
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发表时间：
2007
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
K. Wiersum
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
E. Bognetteau;A. Haile;K. Wiersum
埃塞俄比亚西南高地的当地社区高度依赖森林资源维持生计。长期以来，他们发展了各种利用和管理这些森林的方法，以满足他们对供家庭使用和创收的一系列非木材林产品的需要。然而，对森林资源的压力一直在增加，主要是由于人口增长（自然增长和广泛定居计划），但也由于不适当的农业投资项目。毁林和森林退化不仅威胁到森林的生态功能，也影响到当地社区的生计。迫切需要刺激该地区的森林保护和改善生计。由于森林中蕴藏着几种重要的非木材林产品，这些产品可以为当地人民的生计发展做出很好的贡献。本文描述了埃塞俄比亚西南部国家森林保护计划研究和发展项目的战略和初步成果，以刺激非木材森林生产作为经济发展的一种手段。首先，本文描述了项目区的特点，并对项目策略进行了说明。在项目区域内，区分了高地林区和咖啡林区，它们不仅在森林组成方面有所不同，而且在森林砍伐程度和人为（农业）林类型的发展方面也有所不同。在这两个地区，非森林保护区为当地生计做出了重要贡献，特别是高地地区的蜂蜜和咖啡林区的咖啡。其次，本文讨论了项目实施后的综合对策，以促进NTFP的生产。这包括改进参与性森林管理和商业性非森林森林产品的生产和销售，并结合地方机构发展和能力建设。该方法侧重于技术、经济和社会政治因素。然后对项目活动进行审查，解释它们如何基于建立在当地知识、技能和机构基础上的原则，同时回应社区的抱负、需求和挑战。特别注意(a)具体地点办法；(b)有关改进非森林森林产品的生产和加工、市场联系发展和可持续森林利用和管理的技术活动的相互依存；(c)通过发展国别预算、培训地方官员和政策对话，促进各利益攸关方团体的参与和合作。最后，通过项目策略的应用，从迄今为止的经验中得出结论。1 .荷兰可持续生计行动顾问社区NRM； 2 .埃塞俄比亚西南部国家森林资源计划研究与发展项目协调员；3 .荷兰瓦赫宁根大学森林与自然保护政策小组
The local communities in the south-west highlands of Ethiopia are highly dependent on the forest resources for their livelihoods. Over time they have developed various ways of using and managing these forests in order to meet their needs for a range of non-timber forest products for household use and income generation. However, pressures on the forest resources have been increasing mainly as a result of population growth (both from natural increase and due to extensive settlement schemes), but also due to inappropriate agricultural investment projects. The deforestation and forest degradation not only threaten the ecological functions of the forests, but also impact on the livelihoods of local communities. There is an urgent need to stimulate both forest conservation and livelihood improvements in this region. As the forests harbour several important non-timber forest products, these could offer a good contribution to the livelihood development of local people. This paper describes the strategy and initial results of the NTFP Research and Development Project South-West Ethiopia for stimulating non-timber forest production as a means towards economic advancement. First, the paper describes the characteristics of the project area and explains the project strategy. Within the project area a highland forest area and a coffee forest area are distinguished which vary not only with respect to forest composition, but also in terms of the degree of deforestation and development of anthropogenic (agro)forest types. In both areas NTFPs provide an important contribution to the local livelihoods, notably honey in the highland zone and coffee in the coffee forest zone. Secondly, the paper discusses the integrated approach followed by the project in order to stimulate NTFP production. This consists of improvements in participatory forest management and the production and marketing of commercial NTFPs, combined with local institutional development and capacity building. The approach focuses on technical, economic and sociopolitical elements. The project activities are then reviewed explaining how they are based on the principles of building on the local knowledge, skills and institutions, while responding to the ambitions, needs and challenges of the communities. Specific attention is given to (a) location-specific approaches, (b) the interdependence of technical activities concerning improved production and processing of NTFPs, market linkage development and sustainable forest use and management, and (c) the stimulation of participation and collaboration by various stakeholder groups, through CBO development, training of local officials and policy dialogue. Finally, conclusions are drawn from the experience to date by application of the project strategy. 1 Consultant Community based NRM, Sustainable Livelihood Action, the Netherlands, 2 Coordinator NTFP Research & Development South-West Ethiopia Project 3 Forest and Nature Conservation Policy Group, Wageningen University, the Netherlands