Psychosurgery : Treating Neurobiological Disorders with Neurosurgical Intervention
Psychosurgery : Treating Neurobiological Disorders with Neurosurgical Intervention
复制标题
精神外科：通过神经外科干预治疗神经生物学疾病
DOI：
10.4172/2329-6895.1000115
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Benjamin Jacob Hayempour
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Benjamin Jacob Hayempour
Psychosurgery, which was defined in 1976 by the World Health Organization as “the selective surgical removal or destruction of nerve pathways for the purposes of influencing behavior” [1], has a long and controversial history. Beginning, ideologically perhaps, in the Neolithic Period of the Stone Age, psychosurgery rose to the heights of the Nobel Prize when Egas Moniz won the award in 1949. Modern understanding of functional neuroanatomy and neurobiology, combined with advances in stereotactic technology and functional imaging, is creating a setting in which neurosurgery may represent a minimally invasive and highly selective treatment for a variety of psychiatric illnesses, which include depression, severe anxiety, and obsessive-compulsive disorders [2]. What is most interesting about our present understanding of psychiatric diseases and how they may be treated by neurosurgical intervention is its rich, controversial and dynamic evolution. Since its introduction as a treatment for severe mental illness in 1936, psychosurgery has at times been enthusiastically embraced and flatly rejected by both the medical profession and society at large. Currently, the accepted therapeutic approach to most psychiatric disease involves a combination of wellsupervised psychotherapy, pharmacological intervention and even in some instances, electroconvulsive therapy [3]. However, despite these modern treatment methods, many patients fail to respond to treatments sufficiently, and unfortunately remain severely disabled by their disease. When certain very specific selection criteria are met, these patients who have been proven to be treatment refractive can be given a surgical intervention option to alleviate their symptoms. Although its mechanisms can be ethically debated, the introduction of psychosurgery into our medical regiment of treatment has helped the lives of many dire patients. Furthermore, the 4th edition of Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry defines psychosurgery as “the surgical intervention to sever fibers connecting one part of the brain with another or to remove, destroy, or stimulate brain tissue with the intent of modifying or altering disturbances of behavior, thought content, or mood for which no organic pathological cause can be demonstrated [4]. Many facets of medicine are inherently linked to psychosurgery, such as psychiatry, bioengineering, psychology, nuclear medicine, and obviously neurosurgery. Therefore, a comprehensive analysis of how this methodology has evolved in each arena is imperative for its full comprehension. Thus, I will set out to thoroughly explain these domains, how they have contributed to the current state of psychosurgery, and how our medical community is progressing towards a more successful future for the surgical intervention of severe psychiatric illnesses.
影响因子：
4.1
作者：
Kondziolka, D;Lunsford, LD;Lindquist, C
通讯作者：
Lindquist, C
影响因子：
17.7
作者：
Pizzagalli, D;Pascual-Marqui, RD;Davidson, RJ
通讯作者：
Davidson, RJ