Remembering and Rethinking the GDR
Remembering and Rethinking the GDR
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记住并重新思考东德
DOI：
10.1057/9781137292094_8
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Kelly E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kelly E
后共产主义欧洲边界的重新划分导致了欧洲大陆移民格局的重大转变。铁幕崩溃后的移民导致某些长期定居的侨民重新融入他们的民族文化家园。例如，1989 年，25% 的保加利亚土耳其人被遣返回土耳其（Stewart，2003：30），而在接下来的十年中，有 1,630,000 俄罗斯裔德国人涌入德国（Pohl，2009：280）。与此同时，全新的侨民诞生了，这不是传统意义上的人员跨境流动，而是人员跨境流动。随着南斯拉夫和苏联分裂成较小的国有化国家，各个民族社区与自己的民族家园分离，并经历了他者化的过程。罗杰斯·布鲁贝克（Rogers Brubaker，2000：2）将这种类型的侨民形成描述为“偶然的”。他观察到，“偶然的侨民”“在政治空间发生戏剧性的、常常是创伤性的重新配置后突然结晶”。柏林墙倒塌后东德人的命运最初被视为重新融入的命运。德国的统一被视为单一民族文化社区的聚集，而东德人被重新归类为联邦共和国公民则意味着历史裂痕的弥合。威利·勃兰特 (Willy Brandt) 于 1989 年 11 月 10 日在西柏林示威活动中发表的所谓宣言的意义颇具特色：“现在，属于一起的东西可以共同成长。”1 由于东西方之间的社会文化差异
The redrawing of borders in post-communist Europe led to a significant transformation of the continent’s diasporic landscape. The migration that followed the collapse of the Iron Curtain resulted in the reintegration of certain long-established diasporas into their ethnocultural homelands. 25 per cent of Bulgarian Turks, for example, were repatriated to Turkey in 1989 (Stewart, 2003: 30), while the following decade saw an influx of 1,630,000 Russian Germans to Germany (Pohl, 2009: 280). At the same time, entirely new diasporas were created, not by the movement of people across borders, as has traditionally been the case, but by the movement of borders across people. With the fragmentation of Yugoslavia and the Soviet Union into smaller nationalising states, various ethnic communities were separated from their national homelands and subjected to processes of othering. Rogers Brubaker (2000: 2) describes this type of diasporic formation as ‘accidental’.‘Accidental diasporas’, he observes,‘crystallize suddenly following a dramatic–and often traumatic–reconfiguration of political space’.The fate of East Germans following the fall of the Berlin Wall was initially cast as one of reintegration. German unification was framed as the bringing together of a single ethnocultural community, and the reclassification of East Germans as citizens of the Federal Republic as the closing of a historic rift. Characteristic was the significance placed on Willy Brandt’s alleged declaration on 10 November 1989 to a demonstration in West Berlin:‘Now that which belongs together can grow together.’1 As the sociocultural differences between eastern and western