Ordinary Cosmopolitanisms
Ordinary Cosmopolitanisms
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普通的世界主义
DOI：
10.1177/0263276402019004001
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发表时间：
2002
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Sada Aksartova
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Lamont;Sada Aksartova
与大多数关注精英形式的世界主义文献不同，本文分析了普通人如何在日常生活中弥合种族界限。该报告基于对美国 150 名未受过大学教育的白人和黑人工人以及法国白人和北非工人的采访。对四个群体的比较表明，不同国家背景和结构位置的文化差异如何塑造了不同的反种族主义言论。基于市场的论点在美国工人中很突出，而基于团结和平等主义的论点被法国工人所使用，但美国工人却不这么认为。与白人相比，这两个国家的少数族裔工人使用更广泛的反种族主义言论工具。受访者优先考虑基于日常经验的证据，他们对人类平等的主张是根据普遍的人性以及对于黑人和北非人来说普遍的道德来阐述的。工人的概念框架与在世界主义文献中占据核心地位的多元文化主义几乎没有共同之处。我们认为，为了推进世界主义的讨论和实践，我们应该将注意力转向对多种普通世界主义的研究。
In contrast to most literature on cosmopolitanism, which focuses on its elite forms, this article analyzes how ordinary people bridge racial boundaries in everyday life. It is based on interviews with 150 non-college-educated white and black workers in the United States and white and North African workers in France. The comparison of the four groups shows how differences in cultural repertoires across national context and structural location shape distinct anti-racist rhetorics. Market-based arguments are salient among American workers, while arguments based on solidarity and egalitarianism are used by French, but not by American, workers. Minority workers in both countries employ a more extensive toolkit of anti-racist rhetoric as compared to whites. The interviewed men privilege evidence grounded in everyday experience, and their claims of human equality are articulated in terms of universal human nature and, in the case of blacks and North Africans, universal morality. Workers' conceptual frameworks have little in common with multiculturalism that occupies a central place in the literature on cosmopolitanism. We argue that for the discussion and practice of cosmopolitanism to move forward we should shift our attention to the study of multiple ordinary cosmopolitanisms.