Cumulative and non-cumulative semantic interference in object naming: Evidence from blocked and continuous manipulations of semantic context
Cumulative and non-cumulative semantic interference in object naming: Evidence from blocked and continuous manipulations of semantic context
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DOI：
10.1080/17470218.2013.775318
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发表时间：
2013-11-01
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Stielow, Anna
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Belke, Eva;Stielow, Anna
实验涉及阻塞和连续操纵的语义命名上下文表明，当扬声器命名几个分类相关的对象在紧密相连，他们显示持续的干扰效果。对使用阻塞范式的研究的回顾表明，与连续范式不同，它通常不会在健康的说话者中引起累积干扰效应。这与Oppenheim及其同事最近提出的语义语境效应模型[Oppenheim，G. M.，Dell，G.美国，& Schwartz，M. F.（2010年）。增量学习的黑暗面：言语产生中词汇获取过程中累积语义干扰的模型。认知，114，227- 262]，这在两种范式中产生累积效应。我们认为，在阻塞范式中，这种影响是非累积的，因为它允许参与者自上而下地偏向词汇语义表征的激活水平，从而减少了累积的干扰。事实上，先前的研究已经表明，当参与者同时执行数字保持任务时，阻塞范式中的干扰效应会加剧，这会加载工作记忆并降低他们施加自上而下偏见的能力。在实验1中，结合连续范式与数字保持任务，我们证明，这并不加剧累积的上下文效应，证实了工作记忆的选择性作用和相关的自上而下的偏置机制，在阻塞范式。回顾神经心理学和神经影像学的研究表明，左下额叶区可能在控制语义干扰自上而下的关键作用。我们讨论了这些研究结果对语言生产研究和词汇语义编码模型的影响。
Experiments involving blocked and continuous manipulations of the semantic naming context demonstrate that, when speakers name several taxonomically related objects in close succession, they display persistent interference effects. A review of studies using the blocked paradigm shows that, unlike the continuous paradigm, it typically does not induce cumulative interference effects in healthy speakers. This contrasts with the simulation results obtained from a model of semantic context effects recently put forward by Oppenheim and colleagues [Oppenheim, G. M., Dell, G. S., & Schwartz, M. F. (2010). The dark side of incremental learning: A model of cumulative semantic interference during lexical access in speech production. Cognition, 114, 227--262], which generates cumulative effects in both paradigms. We propose that the effects are non-cumulative in the blocked paradigm, because it allows participants to bias top-down the levels of activation of lexical-semantic representations, thereby curtailing the accumulating interference. Indeed, prior research has shown that the interference effects in the blocked paradigm are exacerbated when participants carry out a concurrent digit-retention task, loading on working memory and reducing their capacity to exert a top-down bias. In Experiment 1, combining the continuous paradigm with a digit-retention task, we demonstrate that this does not exacerbate cumulative context effects, corroborating the selective role of working memory and the associated top-down biasing mechanism in the blocked paradigm. A review of neuropsychological and neuroimaging studies demonstrates that left inferior frontal regions may play a critical role in controlling semantic interference top-down. We discuss the implications of these findings for language production research and for models of lexical-semantic encoding.