Psychoanalysis and anti-racism in mid-20th-century America: An alternative angle of vision
Psychoanalysis and anti-racism in mid-20th-century America: An alternative angle of vision
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20世纪中叶美国的精神分析与反种族主义：另一种视角
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
0.9
通讯作者：
Tom Fielder
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文献类型：
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作者：
Tom Fielder
传统的美国精神分析史学很少提供机会来阐述反种族主义的主题，相反，美国的“自我心理学”经常被认为是“种族主义”精神分析的最尖锐的典范。在本文中，与伯纳姆在“新弗洛伊德学派”的标题下首先确定的史学转向相一致，我区分了精神分析实践者的历史和精神分析思想的历史，以开辟史学的另一种视角。事实上，精神分析思想在20世纪中叶的美国文化中无处不在，它们在20世纪40年代和冷战初期社会科学家、文学艺术家和文化批评家的工作中对种族进行心理改造时发挥了根本作用，最终在1954年布朗诉教育委员会案的裁决中达到顶峰，这是民权叙事的一个重要里程碑。通过探讨精神分析在20世纪中叶反种族主义斗争中的意义，并特别关注理查德·赖特及其自传体小说《黑男孩》，我将挖掘出精神分析与种族之间交叉的另一种历史叙述，这为精神分析和人文科学史思考这一时期提供了新的途径。
The conventional historiography of psychoanalysis in America offers few opportunities for the elaboration of anti-racist themes, and instead American ‘ego psychology’ has often been regarded as the most acute exemplar of ‘racist’ psychoanalysis. In this article, consistent with the historiographical turn Burnham first identified under the heading of ‘the New Freud Studies’, I distinguish between histories of psychoanalytic practitioners and histories of psychoanalytic ideas in order to open out an alternative angle of vision on the historiography. For psychoanalytic ideas were in fact omnipresent within American culture at mid-century, and they played a fundamental role in the psychological reworking of race that unfolded in the work of social scientists, literary artists, and cultural critics in the 1940s and early Cold War years, culminating in the Brown v. Board of Education ruling of 1954, a major landmark in the civil rights narrative. By pursuing the implications of psychoanalysis in anti-racist struggles at mid-century, and with particular attention to Richard Wright and his autobiographical novel Black Boy, I move towards unearthing an alternative historical account of the intersection between psychoanalysis and race, which offers new ways for psychoanalysis and the history of the human sciences to think about this period.