Age-related differences in lexical access, spreading activation, and simple pronunciation.
Age-related differences in lexical access, spreading activation, and simple pronunciation.
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词汇使用、传播激活和简单发音方面与年龄相关的差异。
DOI：
10.1037//0882-7974.3.1.84
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发表时间：
1988
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Duchek,JM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Balota,DA;Duchek,JM
本研究旨在探讨词汇通达、激活扩散和发音的年龄差异。年轻人和老年人都参加了延迟发音任务来追踪词汇通达的时间过程和语义启动任务来追踪扩散激活的时间过程。在延迟发音任务中，受试者被呈现一个单词，然后，在不同的延迟之后，被呈现一个提示，大声发音这个单词。老年人受益更多的preexposure到这个词比年轻的成年人，这表明在词汇访问时间的年龄相关的差异。在语义启动发音任务中，语义相关性（相关与中性），强度的关系（高与低），和启动目标刺激起始时间（200毫秒，350毫秒，500毫秒，650毫秒，和800毫秒）与年龄因素交叉，调查年龄相关的差异，随着时间的推移，语义激活的建设。这项任务的结果表明，老年人的激活模式与年轻人的激活模式非常相似。最后，这两项任务的结果表明，老年人在他们的发病发音和他们的实际生产持续时间（即，从发病到抵消）在发音任务的速度较慢。结果被解释为表明输入和输出过程随着年龄的增长而减慢，但基本的检索机制扩散激活是由年龄节省。（PsycInfo数据库记录（c）2022阿帕，保留所有权利）
An experiment was conducted to address age-related differences in lexical access, spreading activation, and pronunciation. Both young and older adults participated in a delayed pronunciation task to trace the time course of lexical access and a semantic priming task to trace the time course of spreading activation. In the delayed pronunciation task, subjects were presented a word and then, after varying delays, were presented a cue to pronounce the word aloud. Older adults benefited considerably more from the preexposure to the word than did the younger adults, suggesting an age-related difference in lexical access time. In the semantic priming pronunciation task, semantic relatedness (related vs. neutral), strength of the relationship (high vs. low), and prime–target stimulus onset asynchrony (200 ms, 350 ms, 500 ms, 650 ms, and 800 ms) were factorially crossed with age to investigate age-related differences in the buildup of semantic activation across time. The results from this task indicated that the activation pattern of the older adults closely mimicked that of the younger adults. Finally, the results of both tasks indicated that older adults were slower at both their onset to pronounce and their actual production durations (ie, from onset to offset) in the pronunciation task. The results were interpreted as suggesting that input and output processes are slowed with age, but that the basic retrieval mechanism of spreading activation is spared by age.(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)