Growth in temperament and parenting as predictors of adjustment during children's transition to adolescence
Growth in temperament and parenting as predictors of adjustment during children's transition to adolescence
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DOI：
10.1037/0012-1649.42.5.819
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发表时间：
2006-09-01
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Lengua, Liliana J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lengua, Liliana J.
作者研究了人口风险(收入、母亲教育、单亲地位)、气质增长(恐惧、易怒、努力控制)和养育方式(拒绝、管教不一致)之间的关系，以及社区样本(N=190；时间1年龄为8-12岁)对儿童适应问题的预测。家庭收入与较高的初始恐惧、易怒、拒绝和不一致水平以及较低的努力控制力有关，但与这些变量的变化无关。较高的初始拒绝预示着儿童恐惧和易怒的增加。更高的初始恐惧预示着拒绝和不一致的减少。较高的初始易怒预示着不一致性的增加，而较高的初始努力控制预示着拒绝的减少。当同时考虑父母教养和气质的成长时，努力控制力的增加、恐惧和易怒的减少预示着内化和外化问题的时间更短。拒绝和纪律不一致的增加预示着更高的外化时间，尽管有时这种影响似乎是通过气质间接产生的。研究结果表明，在过渡到青春期的过程中，气质和养育方式会相互预测对方的变化和适应情况。
The author examined relations among demographic risk (income, maternal education, single-parent status), growth in temperament (fear, irritability, effortful control), and parenting (rejection, inconsistent discipline) across 3 years and the prediction of children's adjustment problems in a community sample (N = 190; ages 8-12 years at Time 1). Family income was related to higher initial levels of fear, irritability, rejection, and inconsistency and lower effortful control but was not related to changes in these variables. Higher initial rejection predicted increases in child fear and irritability. Higher initial fear predicted decreases in rejection and inconsistency. Higher initial irritability predicted increases in inconsistency, and higher initial effortful control predicted decreases in rejection. When growth of parenting and temperament were considered simultaneously, increases in effortful control and decreases in fear and irritability predicted lower Time 3 internalizing and externalizing problems. Increases in rejection and inconsistent discipline predicted higher Time 3 externalizing, although sometimes the effect appeared to be indirect through temperament. The findings suggest that temperament and parenting predict changes in each other and predict adjustment during the transition to adolescence.