Evidence of Australian bat lyssavirus infection in diverse Australian bat taxa
Evidence of Australian bat lyssavirus infection in diverse Australian bat taxa
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DOI：
10.1111/zph.12480
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发表时间：
2018-09-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Field, Hume Ernest
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Field, Hume Ernest
历史上，澳大利亚被认为没有狂犬病和类似狂犬病的病毒。因此，澳大利亚蝙蝠狂犬病毒（ABLV）的鉴定于1996年在一个衰弱的蝙蝠中发现的一个成员的公众沉淀的公共卫生恐慌和狂犬病毒分类的修订。随后的观察性研究试图详细说明澳大利亚蝙蝠中ABLV感染的发生率和频率。本文描述了蝙蝠物种的分类多样性，显示ABLV感染的证据，以更好地告知公众健康的考虑。血液和/或大脑样本收集从两个队列的蝙蝠（野生捕获和诊断意见书）从澳大利亚的四个州或地区之间，1996年4月和2002年10月。在直接荧光抗体试验中，使用荧光素标记的抗狂犬病单克隆球蛋白（CENTOCOR）检测新鲜脑印模涂片中的ABLV抗原;使用快速荧光病灶抑制试验检测血清中是否存在中和抗体。共收集和筛选了来自2,633只蝙蝠的3,217份样本：来自1,461只野生蝙蝠和1,086只提交的蝙蝠的大脑样本，来自16属7科的656只野生蝙蝠和14只提交的蝙蝠的血液样本。在澳大利亚六个蝙蝠家族中的五个家族以及调查的四个澳大利亚州/地区中的三个中发现了ABLV感染的证据，支持该病毒在澳大利亚的历史存在。虽然在野生捕获的队列中的感染率明显较低，但由于人类暴露的风险较高，在城市环境中获救蝙蝠的感染率明显较高，这代表了明确和当前的公共卫生意义。
Historically, Australia was considered free of rabies and rabieslike viruses. Thus, the identification of Australian bat lyssavirus (ABLV) in 1996 in a debilitated bat found by a member of the public precipitated both public health consternation and a revision of lyssavirus taxonomy. Subsequent observational studies sought to elaborate the occurrence and frequency of ABLV infection in Australian bats. This paper describes the taxonomic diversity of bat species showing evidence of ABLV infection to better inform public health considerations. Blood and/or brain samples were collected from two cohorts of bats (wild-caught and diagnostic submissions) from four Australian states or territories between April 1996 and October 2002. Fresh brain impression smears were tested for ABLV antigen using fluorescein-labelled anti-rabies monoclonal globulin (CENTOCOR) in a direct fluorescent antibody test; sera were tested for the presence of neutralising antibodies using a rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test. A total of 3,217 samples from 2,633 bats were collected and screened: brain samples from 1,461 wild-caught bats and 1,086 submitted bats from at least 16 genera and seven families, and blood samples from 656 wild-caught bats and 14 submitted bats from 14 genera and seven families. Evidence of ABLV infection was found in five of the six families of bats occurring in Australia, and in three of the four Australian states/territories surveyed, supporting the historic presence of the virus in Australia. While the infection prevalence in the wild-caught cohort is evidently low, the significantly higher infection prevalence in rescued bats in urban settings represents a clear and present public health significance because of the higher risk of human exposure.