External factors in the development of cataract
External factors in the development of cataract
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DOI：
10.1038/sj.eye.6701964
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发表时间：
2005-10-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Taylor, H
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Robman, L;Taylor, H
目的提供一个最新的风险因素，白内障的发展。方法文献复习。结果年龄和遗传是不同类型白内障的主要危险因素。虽然遗传因素是不言自明的，但年龄的增加是一些潜在的外部风险因素的替代因素，其影响是累积的。识别对白内障发展有因果影响的危险因素可能为白内障预防提供手段。只有少数风险因素符合因果效应的标准：吸烟导致核性白内障风险增加，过量UV-B暴露和糖尿病增加皮质性白内障风险，类固醇治疗，糖尿病和电离辐射导致后囊下混浊形成。药物对白内障发展的影响需要进一步研究，因为疾病的影响应该与治疗的影响区分开来。“停止吸烟”和“紫外线-B防护”运动作为预防措施正在取得势头，而用抗氧化剂积极预防白内障的尝试尚未成功。近来，由于测量透镜混浊度的精度和标准化的提高，白内障的研究得到了促进。然而，测量精度本身并不能解决这个问题。结论主要研究重复测量传统健康危害的暴露，而方程中缺失的部分是我们不知道的风险因素，因此没有测量。需要新的方法和新的假设。
Aims To provide an update on the risk factors for cataract development. Methods Review of the literature. Results Age and heredity are the most important risk factors associated with the different types of cataract. While the hereditary component is self-explanatory, increasing age serves as a surrogate for a number of potential external risk factors, the effect of which is cumulative. Identification of the risk factors that have a causal effect on cataract development may provide means for cataract prevention. There are only a few risk factors that satisfy the criteria for causal effect: smoking, which results in the increased risk of nuclear cataract, excessive UV-B exposure and diabetes that increase the risk of cortical cataract, and steroidal treatment, diabetes and ionising radiation that lead to the formation of posterior subcapsular opacity. The effect of medications on cataract development requires further study, since the effect of the diseases should be distinguished from that of treatment. `Stop Smoking' and `UV-B protection' campaigns are gaining momentum as preventative measures, while the attempts to actively prevent cataract with antioxidants have not been successful. Cataract research has been facilitated lately by improvements of precision and standardisation in measuring lens opacities. However, measurement precision on its own cannot give us a solution to this problem. Conclusion The major studies repeatedly measure the exposure to the traditional health hazards, while the missing parts in the equation are those risk factors that we do not know about and therefore do not measure. New approaches and new hypotheses are needed.